CONTACTS
0201 - SRI International
020101 - Mr. Jack Park;
020103 - CALO Project
SUBJECTS
Open Iris Software for Project Management Open Source SRI Effort Rel
1703 -
1703 - ..
1704 - Summary/Objective
1705 -
170501 - Follow up ref SDS 75 WA5U, ref SDS 73 7A4F.
170502 -
170503 - Open Iris pulls together ideas and proven technology for a powerful,
170504 - integrated work environment that supports Knowledge Management.
170505 - ref SDS 0 5T7L A "personal map" into complex relationships and
170506 - documents makes navigating daily working information fast and easy.
170507 - ref SDS 0 NQ7L Open Iris replaces and extends many Microsoft tools
170508 - with a stronger solution for sharing and collaboration. The "Notes"
170509 - feature supports creating and editing records of daily calendar
170510 - events. ref SDS 0 384S Use on the CALO project provides a test bed by
170511 - a core group of professionals, which yields feedback for enhancements.
170512 - ref SDS 0 F450 Flexible celerity navigating multiple views in Open
170513 - Iris gets things done quickly and accurately. ref SDS 0 X05L Would
170514 - like to see a demonstration of the Categories view. ref SDS 0 6Z5W
170515 - Clustering seems to offer an "engine" that automatically maintains the
170516 - Semantic View Graph, builds ontology, and constructs connections.
170517 - "Machine-learning" supports Clustering inferences that save time and
170518 - avoid mistakes by improving accuracy with precision access to critical
170519 - details. ref SDS 0 MZ5L
170520 -
170521 - [On 060309 cited Open IRIS for inquiry from Boeing on KM
170522 - technologies. ref SDS 79 519K
170524 - ..
170525 - [On 060907 attribution commend Jack's work and commitment to
170526 - advance knowledge management using topic maps. ref SDS 81 IH6O
170528 - ..
170529 - [On 071113 Jack feels IRIS is similar to SDS. ref SDS 86 4U94
170531 - ..
170532 - [On 071220 case study on Jack's support for SDS "worthy of review"
170533 - as a technology platform that makes Knowledge Management an
170534 - effective tool to improve daily work. ref SDS 87 M53N
170535 -
170536 -
170537 -
170539 - ..
1706 -
1707 -
1708 - Progress
1709 -
170901 - Open Iris Strong Features to Integrate Relate Infer Share
170902 -
170903 - Follow up ref SDS 74 553N.
170904 -
170905 - The software program Jack discussed at Stanford on 060129, ref SDS 73
170906 - 7A4F, is available for download....
170907 -
170908 - http://www.openiris.org/
170910 - ..
170911 - Open Iris is for people using a lot of software programs for daily
170912 - work, which is most everybody these days. Integrated tools in the
170913 - Open Iris scheme enables working faster and more accurately, as
170914 - explained below. ref SDS 0 QH4K
170915 -
170916 - [On 060215 recommended Open Iris for review at NP.
170917 - ref SDS 77 N695
170919 - ..
170920 - How does Open Iris support attribution discussed on 000227, citing a
170921 - presentation by Jim Spohrer? ref SDS 17 0987
170923 - ..
170924 - There is no mention of legacy to OHS/DKR, as was done with Nexist,
170925 - reported on 010405. ref SDS 46 H96F Was nothing learned from two (2)
170926 - years of work that was worth mentioning? Was there a legal wrangle
170927 - about mentioning Doug's contributions in this field?
170929 - ..
170930 - Open Iris has a number of "windows" for performing wide ranging tasks.
170931 - ref SDS 0 X05L This aligns with Doug Engelbart's goals for "multiple
170932 - views" in his 1992 paper, reviewed on 991222, ref SDS 9 57HE, and
170933 - presented in a letter from Doug to the Colloquium team on 000405.
170934 - ref SDS 22 6006
170936 - ..
170937 - Open Iris components generally present the feel of Sharepoint and
170938 - Digital Dashboard for improving productivity, reviewed on 020822.
170939 - ref SDS 59 H2YS
170941 - ..
170942 - On 060129 Jack reported there is no work product showing productivity
170943 - with Iris due to recent improvements that were required. ref SDS 73
170944 - 7A4F
170945 -
170946 - [On 070126 case study shows experts have given up on all three
170947 - components of Knowledge Management. ref SDS 82 QH8L
170949 - ..
170950 - [On 070831 explicit links called purple numbers have not been
170951 - used. ref SDS 84 1J8H
170953 - ..
170954 - [On 070904 activity on collaboration network seems to have
170955 - subsided without application of explicit links that aid Knowledge
170956 - Management; there is no evidence of work product using Iris or any
170957 - other Knowledge Management software program. ref SDS 85 DV5R
170959 - ..
170960 - [On 071113 Jack feels Iris is similar to SDS. ref SDS 86 4U94
170962 - ..
170963 - [On 071220 case study on Jack's support for SDS "worthy of
170964 - review" as a technology platform that makes Knowledge
170965 - Management an effective tool to improve daily work.
170966 - ref SDS 87 M53N
170968 - ..
170969 - Open Iris may extend features of Traction demonstrated at SRI on
170970 - 000413. ref SDS 23 4209 Further review on 011101 showed promise of
170971 - effective general purpose "knowledge" technology. ref SDS 53 KV6K
170972 - Keywords and categories appear similar in both Traction and Open Iris.
170973 - ref SDS 0 6Z5W Analysis on 011102 found a gap between "promise" and
170974 - "results" using Traction to perform daily work, ref SDS 53 S66F, which
170975 - may be resolved with Open Iris.
170977 - ..
170978 - Traction has a website at...
170979 -
170980 - http://traction.tractionsoftware.com/rs/home
170981 -
170982 - http://traction.tractionsoftware.com/traction/permalink/Public67
170984 - ..
170985 - Features are listed at...
170986 -
170987 - http://public.tractionsoft.com/traction/post?proj=*&sdate=20051103&edate=all&side=1&type=cat&cat=%3aPublic%3aproduct%3afeatures&rsin=/t(content,comment,trackback)%20 &find=(t%20content,comment,trackback)§ionid=features&normaledate=all&sort=2&title=Features&wassearch=true
170989 - ..
170990 - Yesterday, on 060131 submitted ideas for deployment of technology like
170991 - Open Iris, ref SDS 74 YB4S, in light of discussions on 060129.
170992 - ref SDS 73 7A4F
170993 -
170994 -
170995 -
170996 -
170997 -
170998 -
1710 -
SUBJECTS
Compare Open Iris Complement Extend Replace Other Existing Software
1803 -
180401 - ..
180402 - Knowledge Management Goals Addressed by Open IRIS
180403 - How does Open Iris compare, complement, extend, replace...
180404 -
180405 - Open Iris multiplicity of features presented in multiple views,
180406 - ref SDS 0 X05L, seemly extends a strong progeny of prior projects
180407 - aimed toward Knowledge Management...
180408 -
180409 - OHS/DKR........................ 001025, ref SDS 38 G3W8
180410 - Xanadu......................... 000305, ref SDS 18 0001
180411 - Transclusion................... 000305, ref SDS 18 4725
180412 - IBIS........................... 060129, ref SDS 73 7H7G
180413 - Wiki........................... 000504, ref SDS 28 9000
180414 - Purple Numbers................. 010131, ref SDS 43 MM9M
180415 - XML............................ 010510, ref SDS 48 8Y8H
180416 - Nexist......................... 010904, ref SDS 51 066H
180417 - Topic Maps..................... 010618, ref SDS 49 4O6M
180418 - Traction....................... 011102, ref SDS 53 0001
180419 - Business Intelligence
180420 - for data mining................ 980226, ref SDS 7 1247
180421 - Bayesian belief networks for
180422 - clustering algorithms.......... 991213, ref SDS 8 0844
180423 - Computational Linguistics for
180424 - Language Pattern Matching...... 991213, ref SDS 8 3234
180425 - Quickplace..................... 020920, ref SDS 61 HQ63
180426 - Sharpoint...................... 020822, ref SDS 59 H2YS
180427 - Digital Dashboard.............. 020822, ref SDS 59 H34F
180428 - Outlook........................ 030410, ref SDS 67 595O
180429 - Groove......................... 020822, ref SDS 59 H08J
180430 - Grove.......................... 010405, ref SDS 46 485N
180431 - Sametime....................... 020920, ref SDS 61 PG7K
180432 - Teamroom....................... 020920, ref SDS 61 7G7K
180433 -
180434 -
180435 -
180436 -
180437 -
180438 -
1805 -
SUBJECTS
Iris Java Open Source Architecture Knowledge Management Adds 4th Lay
3603 -
360401 - ..
360402 - Java Implementation CALO Project Machine Learning Support
360403 - Architecture Open Iris Adds 4th Layer to Integrated Scheme
360404 -
360405 - Open Iris website shows...
360406 -
360407 - Integrate. Relate. Infer. Share
360409 - ..
360410 - Does this expand to four (4) layers the three (3) layer architecture
360411 - Jack presented at SRI on 000518? ref SDS 30 8439 The "infer" feature
360412 - may be the new addition, using "machine-learning" to make inferences
360413 - about connections that save valuable time. (see "Clustering,"
360414 - ref SDS 0 MZ5L)
360415 -
360416 - [On 071220 case study on Jack's support for SDS "worthy of
360417 - review" as a technology platform that makes Knowledge
360418 - Management an effective tool to improve daily work.
360419 - ref SDS 87 M53N
360421 - ..
360422 - There is a PDF paper on the Open Iris website...
360423 -
360424 - http://www.openiris.org/documentation/iris.pdf/download
360425 -
360426 - IRIS: Integrate. Relate. Infer. Share
360427 - Adam Cheyer, Jack Park, Richard Giuli
360428 -
360429 - ...and which says in part...
360430 -
360431 - Implemented in, or able to easily integrate with Java. This
360432 - requirement comes from the fact that many of the machine
360433 - learning components we will include from CALO researchers are
360434 - implemented in Java
360435 -
360436 -
360438 - ..
360439 - Knowledge Management Internet Case Study Java Software Platform
360440 - Java Case Study Software Internet Platform Knowledge Management
360441 - Case Study Java Software Internet Platform Knowledge Management
360442 -
360443 - Java implementation for collaboration on the Internet reflects prior
360444 - considerations by the OHS/DKR project at SRI during 2000 under
360445 - leadership of Douglas Engelbart. On 030527 SRI was worried that SDS
360446 - records were created on the Internet, and this presented fears about
360447 - confidentiality risks. ref SDS 68 ZU3G
360448 -
360449 - 1. Augment NLS implement with XML
360450 - display criteria using Java
360451 - technology....................... 000124, ref SDS 10 715S
360453 - ..
360454 - 2. Java-based XML developed by
360455 - Skorupa supports open source
360456 - work with Apache extensible
360457 - editor........................... 000129, ref SDS 11 2Y7H
360459 - ..
360460 - 3. Java browser displays XML source
360461 - code presented masters thesis
360462 - by Jack Park..................... 000131, ref SDS 12 0866
360464 - ..
360465 - 4. Java editor being developed by
360466 - Jack Park........................ 000131, ref SDS 12 1224
360468 - ..
360469 - 5. Java application for Knowledge
360470 - Management rough collection
360471 - of tools like
360472 - OHS/DKR.......................... 000213, ref SDS 13 0048
360474 - ..
360475 - 6. Java inventor James Gosling
360476 - cited............................ 000218, ref SDS 14 5775
360478 - ..
360479 - 7. Java support for XML data modeling
360480 - to develop Knowledge Management
360481 - with Express declarative
360482 - mapping language................. 000220, ref SDS 15 4892
360484 - ..
360485 - 8. Java Sun Microsystem Eric Armstrong
360486 - software experience artificial
360487 - intelligence (AI) helped write
360488 - "Bible" tutorial for Java/XML
360489 - programming...................... 000324, ref SDS 20 FS3J
360491 - ..
360492 - 9. Traction software implementing
360493 - Engelbart's ideas for Knowledge
360494 - Management OHS/DKR based on
360495 - Java server system plans
360496 - to implement
360497 - XML.............................. 000414, ref SDS 24 8160
360499 - ..
360500 - 10. Java open source projects Sun failing
360501 - financially with efforts to sell
360502 - rights to source code............ 000422, ref SDS 25 0612
360504 - ..
360505 - 11. Java "engine" for context management
360506 - with "categories" (similar to subjects)
360507 - that apply UML methodology to determine
360508 - use cases (scenarios) for defining
360509 - classes and methods for
360510 - managing messages................ 000426, ref SDS 26 PB74
360512 - ..
360513 - 12. Email improved by Java Corporate
360514 - suite collaboration
360515 - tools............................ 000504, ref SDS 28 3338
360517 - ..
360518 - 13. Java data base support discussed
360519 - with Pythyon for W3C
360520 - DOM processing
360521 - XML.............................. 000504, ref SDS 28 3994
360523 - ..
360524 - 14. Java provides portal with tools
360525 - and infrastructure for XML,
360526 - starter platform to develop
360527 - OHS/DKR.......................... 000525, ref SDS 31 4085
360529 - ..
360530 - 15. Java cited as technology for creating
360531 - SDS in format with user interface
360532 - people like...................... 000723, ref SDS 33 3Y4H
360534 - ..
360535 - 16. Java considered with Doug Engelbart
360536 - for updating Augment NLS
360537 - application...................... 000824, ref SDS 34 KH54
360539 - ..
360540 - 17. Enterprise Knowledge Management system
360541 - supported by Java open source
360542 - Expresso framework............... 000919, ref SDS 36 0001
360544 - ..
360545 - 18. Searching and indexing supported
360546 - by Javacorporate................. 000919, ref SDS 36 I65O
360548 - ..
360549 - 19. Java part of technology tool kit
360550 - of Zwiki, Python, Squeak, XML,
360551 - Gelertner, Views, Lens to develop
360552 - Knowledge Management............. 001017, ref SDS 37 PA88
360554 - ..
360555 - 20. Java used to update Augment NLS
360556 - project by Jack Park, Pat and
360557 - Brien Lincoln.................... 001220, ref SDS 41 UC6U
360559 - ..
360560 - 21. Java project to update Augment NLS
360561 - Jack indicates project still
360562 - pending.......................... 010112, ref SDS 42 0001
360564 - ..
360565 - 22. Education improved by Java interactive
360566 - tools using programing langauge
360567 - developed by Sun for the world
360568 - wide web......................... 010211, ref SDS 44 0857
360570 - ..
360571 - 23. Java problems reported by Jack
360572 - on interface issues with SOAP
360573 - and Tomcat, involving servlet
360574 - engine........................... 010325, ref SDS 45 E68M
360576 - ..
360577 - 24. Java discussed with Jack paper
360578 - applying unified modelng language
360579 - (UML) for XML encodings class
360580 - diagrams representing concepts
360581 - in ontologies mechanism for
360582 - Java tools to share
360583 - knowledge........................ 010420, ref SDS 47 8T5L
360585 - ..
360586 - 25. Actionbase Java application uses XML
360587 - to build virtual communications for
360588 - meetings, decisions, connects people
360589 - with single-point collaboration and
360590 - control for Knowledge
360591 - Management....................... 010705, ref SDS 50 PJ5I
360593 - ..
360594 - 26. Nexist Java application for Knowledge
360595 - Management developed by Jack
360596 - Park............................. 010904, ref SDS 51 066H
360598 - ..
360599 - 27. SDS responsiveness required to work
360600 - intelligently at speed people think
360601 - using situational awareness, hard
360602 - to implement with slow performance
360603 - of Java web-based Internet
360604 - technology....................... 020531, ref SDS 56 5W9J
360605 -
360606 - [On 100928 1348 testing Medit Java indicates very slow
360607 - performance with Java on Windows XP, and much slower on
360608 - Windows 7 64-bit. ref SDS 91 RJ4O
360610 - ..
360611 - 28. Java proposed implementation for
360612 - SDS by Mike Poremba.............. 021212, ref SDS 63 0586
360614 - ..
360615 - 29. Java too slow for efficient editor
360616 - needed for SDS application
360617 - Gary Johnson..................... 021214, ref SDS 64 LN5G
360618 -
360619 - [On 100928 1348 testing Medit Java indicates very slow
360620 - performance with Java on Windows XP, and much slower on
360621 - Windows 7 64-bit. ref SDS 91 RJ4O
360623 - ..
360624 - 30. Iris open source Knowledge Management
360625 - tools based on Java; Jack Park released
360626 - program as part of the SRI CALO
360627 - project sponsored by
360628 - DARPA............................ 060211, ref SDS 0 ZG5K
360630 - ..
360631 - 31. Slow access to Open Iris records
360632 - on the Internet encountered
360633 - testing software release may
360634 - relate to periodic delays
360635 - using the web.................... 060211, ref SDS 0 055L
360637 - ..
360638 - 32. Java-based editors tend to be
360639 - sluggish, reported by Gary
360640 - Johnson.......................... 071113, ref SDS 86 LY7W
360642 - ..
360643 - 33. Iris open source web-application
360644 - based on Java tools supports
360645 - SDS requirements reported
360646 - by Jack Park..................... 071113, ref SDS 86 VY7X
360648 - ..
360649 - 34. XML case study related to Java
360650 - programming...................... 071113, ref SDS 86 XC3M
360652 - ..
360653 - 35. SDS Windows application of Java
360654 - programming language considered
360655 - by Morris........................ 080104, ref SDS 88 OM6G
360657 - ..
360658 - 36. Java reviewed favorably for SDS
360659 - Windows application reported
360660 - by Gary.......................... 080115, ref SDS 89 OM6G
360662 - ..
360663 - 37. Java Jedit code editor fabulous
360664 - for SDS development.............. 080115, ref SDS 89 VS4H
360665 - Jack Park recommends Jext, and
360666 - reports experience indicates
360667 - Eclipse better than
360668 - Netbeans......................... 080115, ref SDS 89 KS8T
360669 -
360670 -
360671 -
360672 -
360673 -
3607 -
SUBJECTS
Iris Dashboard Multiple Views Makes Navigating Personal Map in Open
5503 -
550401 - ..
550402 - Integrated Tools Combine Tasks into Knowledge Management Practice
550403 - Personal Map Dashboard Views Make Navigating in Open Iris Fast Easy
550404 - Market for People Using Multiple Tools Open Iris Integrated Solution
550405 -
550406 - Open Iris "integration" appeals to people who use a multiplicity of
550407 - tools in various combinations for daily tasks, reported by Gary
550408 - Johnson on 020114. ref SDS 55 XY5K Bill Gates announced on 021108
550409 - that Microsoft plans to "integrate," because people are frustrated
550410 - trying to get things done with tools that don't relate to one another.
550411 - ref SDS 62 EFBE Earlier, on 001126, Grant Bowman described goals for
550412 - the OHS/DKR effort to make daily work fast and easy by consolidating
550413 - tools. ref SDS 39 325L On 030407, Gary reported that daily work
550414 - typically requires constant switching between 17 different software
550415 - programs. ref SDS 66 6Q4H This makes Knowledge Management a lot of
550416 - hard work, reported on 000307. ref SDS 19 5182
550418 - ..
550419 - Open Iris consolidates tools into related practices. ref SDS 0 X05L
550420 - Integration empowers people to use "good management" consistently,
550421 - proposed by Doug Engelbart on 000327, ref SDS 21 3971, and defined in
550422 - POIMS. ref OF 3 PG9M
550424 - ..
550425 - The Semantic Graph Viewer seems to provide a "personal map" for
550426 - navigating the complexity of daily working information quickly and
550427 - smoothly. ref SDS 0 PQ5Q Navigation could be supported by inferences
550428 - from the Clustering feature that uses machine learning. ref SDS 0 MZ5L
550429 -
550430 -
550432 - ..
550433 - Dashboard Views Contextual Navigation Extensible Office Applications
550434 -
550435 -
550436 - There is some narrative on the Open Iris website that says...
550437 -
550438 - IRIS is a semantic desktop application framework that enables users
550439 - to create a "personal map" across their office-related information
550440 - objects. IRIS includes a machine-learning platform to help
550441 - automate this process. It provides "dashboard" views, contextual
550442 - navigation, and relationship-based structure across an extensible
550443 - suite of office applications, including a calendar, web and file
550444 - browser, e-mail client, and instant messaging client.
550446 - ..
550447 - IRIS serves as the knowledge store and user interface for the CALO
550448 - project at SRI International...
550450 - ..
550451 - Dashboard navigation seems to align with Microsoft standards described
550452 - for Sharepoint technology, reviewed on 020822. ref SDS 59 H34F On
550453 - 021108 Bill Gates announced a project for Microsoft to improve
550454 - integration of program functions. ref SDS 62 EFBE On 040625 John
550455 - Maloney strongly endorsed Sharepoint for Knowledge Management support.
550456 - ref SDS 71 R25Y Sharepoint had earlier merged with Groove in 2003,
550457 - ref SDS 71 GG6F -- Groove was reviewed on 020822. ref SDS 59 Q51C
550459 - ..
550460 - Use by the CALO project is demonstrated by the Semantic Graph Viewer
550461 - feature. ref SDS 0 PQ5Q Jack discussed usage of Open Iris on 060129.
550462 - ref SDS 73 7A4F
550464 - ..
550465 - Open Iris "Clustering" may implement inferences using "machine
550466 - learning" to construct the "personal map" in the Semantic Graph
550467 - Viewer, and, also, build ontology, and automate connections.
550468 - ref SDS 0 QW5N
550470 - ..
550471 - Open Iris website continues...
550472 -
550473 - Open Source Release
550475 - ..
550476 - Feb. 11, 2006: IRIS has been released as open source! It is
550477 - available
550479 - ..
550480 - Why would someone use Open Iris instead of Microsoft programs?
550482 - ..
550483 - There seems to be a potential customer base, per above. ref SDS 0 QH4K
550484 - Transformation to using Open Iris was discussed by Jack on 060129,
550485 - ref SDS 73 7A4F, and was analysed again in a letter to Jack yesterday
550486 - on 060210. ref SDS 75 WH6Q
550488 - ..
550489 - Possibly the attraction is lower price for open source technology. If
550490 - there is no revenue stream, who pays for product development, support,
550491 - improvement, marketing, legal, parking, lights, water, chairs? The
550492 - general answer seems to be that "open source" volunteers love working
550493 - on software, marketing, legal, parking, lights, water, and building
550494 - chairs?
550495 -
550496 -
550497 -
5505 -
SUBJECTS
Java Slow Web Application Open Iris on Internet Knowledge Management
6903 -
690401 - ..
690402 - Java Slow Web Application Open Iris on Internet
690403 -
690404 - Access clicking on various links in Open Iris is very slow. Takes 30
690405 - seconds to a minute to display stuff. Could just be things are busy
690406 - on the Internet today. Slow performance presents a significant loss
690407 - of productivity required for Knowledge Management using SDS to make
690408 - mechanics of reasoning and thinking fast and easy, reported on 020531.
690409 - ref SDS 56 5W9J Gary Johnson related slow performance to Java
690410 - web-applications, reported on 021224. ref SDS 64 LN5G
690411 -
690412 - [On 071113 Gary reports sluggish performance for Java
690413 - technology, ref SDS 86 LY7W; Jack describes Open Iris as
690414 - similar to SDS, and notes application uses Java ref SDS 86
690415 - VY7X; Internet research on Iris website reports slow
690416 - performance. ref SDS 86 KC77
690418 - ..
690419 - [On 080104 Morris considering Java Data Object programming
690420 - for SDS Windows application. ref SDS 88 8O5H
690422 - ..
690423 - Sluggish performance does not meet requirements to make "working
690424 - intelligently" fast and easy, called out in POIMS. ref OF 3 NB9O and
690425 - ref OF 5 5220
690427 - ..
690428 - "Read more about Iris" goes to a page that says...
690429 -
690430 - Our apologies. The item requested does not exist on this
690431 - server...
690432 -
690433 -
690434 -
690435 -
690436 -
6905 -
SUBJECTS
Intelligence Support Story of Daily Work History Aids CALO Project C
7403 -
740401 - ..
740402 - Intelligence Support for Story of Daily Work Aids CALO Project
740403 -
740405 - ..
740406 - Open Iris does not mention "augmenting intelligence," "thinking," nor
740407 - "analysis," etc. Has this objective been abandoned or deferred in the
740408 - current release? Is there a legal restriction against SRI using the
740409 - phrase "augmenting intelligence"?
740411 - ..
740412 - Iris documentation...
740413 -
740414 - IRIS: Integrate. Relate. Infer. Share.
740415 - Adam Cheyer, Jack Park, Richard Giuli
740416 - SRI International
740417 -
740418 - http://www.openiris.org/documentation/iris.pdf/download
740419 -
740420 - ...says in part the program supports CALO which is an "artificial
740421 - intelligence" capability that...
740422 -
740423 - ...uses a custom ontology engine provided by Radar Networks
740424 - as the SOM implementation. The IRIS team has recently
740425 - created a SOM implementation built on JENA models, with a
740426 - fast database implementation underneath. Furthermore, full
740427 - text indexing has been added using a Lucene search engine.
740428 - The switch to JENA is almost complete. Using JENA has some
740429 - advantages: it comes with a standard set of reasoners,
740430 - defines a flexible graph architecture and allows support for
740431 - RDQL28 and SPARQL29 queries.
740433 - ..
740434 - On 000225 Jack reported research showing that onology work is a
740435 - Pandora's Box of complexity. ref SDS 16 L58O On 000623 Jack proposes
740436 - concensus ontology, ref SDS 32 9900, and described goals for an
740437 - ontology "engine" to construct and assign subjects to narrative.
740438 - ref SDS 32 2915 On 001025 Jack clarified objectives for using tools
740439 - to create a representation without knowing its final use cases. You
740440 - can then reach into that representation and construct useful views
740441 - according to specific needs. ref SDS 38 LR6N
740442 -
740443 - [On 070511 context management constructs multiple
740444 - accounts with organic structure in Subject Index, and
740445 - assigns to Control Fields in SDS records for finding
740446 - specific details, and assembling multiple views for trend
740447 - analysis to support decision support and continual
740448 - learning. ref SDS 83 0001
740450 - ..
740451 - SRI paper continues...
740452 -
740453 - ...emphasis on machine learning and the implementation of a
740454 - plug-and-play learning framework. We see machine learning
740455 - as one of the solutions around a key issue limiting the
740456 - semantic web's growth and mass adoption: who is going to
740457 - enter all of the required links and knowledge?
740458 -
740459 - [On 080315 Pat Lincoln at SRI gave a presentation at a
740460 - professional event where "semantic web" was cited as an
740461 - asset for artificial intelligence. ref SDS 90 O46F
740463 - ..
740464 - ...many users, excited by the glimmer of intelligence that
740465 - IRIS (and the cognitive assistant CALO) at times seemed to
740466 - exhibit, made numerous suggestions about use cases they
740467 - would imagine the pair being able to help them with in the
740468 - future, to aid their productivity.
740470 - ..
740471 - In the coming months, we will aggressively pursue these and
740472 - other roadmap items, with a particular emphasis on making
740473 - IRIS usable and useful for collaborative teams. We remain
740474 - enthusiastic about the potential for coupling semantic
740475 - representations, machine learning, user interface design,
740476 - and real-world office systems.
740478 - ..
740479 - This language shows promise of leveraging human intelligence with a
740480 - practice of Knowledge Management, explained in POIMS. ref OF 4 K84L
740481 - There is no evident definition in the Iris paper of "intelligence" and
740482 - "knowledge" to guide development beyond traditional information
740483 - technology for document management, a common error noted previously by
740484 - Skyme, reviewed on 020608. ref SDS 57 JA4L
740486 - ..
740487 - IBIS anlaysis methodology was developed by Jeff Conklin, and aids
740488 - collaboration to facilitate meetings. Jack discussed IBIS recently at
740489 - Stanford on 060129. ref SDS 73 E65O Doug Engelbart's goals for
740490 - "collective intelligence" call for strong collaboration, reviewed on
740491 - 991222. ref SDS 9 KI49 On 030317 Jeff explained challenges of
740492 - complexity that hamper collaboration. ref SDS 65 0001 Complexity
740493 - described as the "fog of war" is further developed in NWO. ref OF 11
740494 - 4077 Open Iris has a mix of technologies that leverage IBIS methods,
740495 - ref SDS 0 HR6G, however, this is not discussed on the website. Will
740496 - this be in a future release?
740497 -
740498 - [On 060302 letter to Jeff mentions SRI released Open Iris,
740499 - ref SDS 78 SI5J, and cites discussion of IBIS. ref SDS 76 F443
740501 - ..
740502 - How is Jack's research applied in Open Iris?
740504 - ..
740505 - On 000307 Jack found that people naturally think through stories,
740506 - ref SDS 19 0866, as in "What's the story?" and "Then what happened?"
740507 - This natural human desire to get background and history of relevant
740508 - experience helps people understand cause and effect connected to
740509 - current context, as explained in NWO? ref OF 10 E55J Writing up the
740510 - story to make sense of complexity in daily work may be aided by Open
740511 - Iris support of a Calendar and Categories by integrating time and
740512 - context management, discussed below. ref SDS 0 6Z5W Jack explained
740513 - the importance of narrative for "sensemaking" in a letter on 040622.
740514 - ref SDS 70 FM5W
740516 - ..
740517 - Does "Clustering" in Open Iris (reviewed below, ref SDS 0 MZ5L)
740518 - convert "information" into "knowledge" stored for the CALO project?
740519 - ref SDS 0 2V7F What theory distinguishes one thing (information) from
740520 - the other (knowledge)? Does "intelligence" play a role? Does Open
740521 - Iris add value to information for knowledge formation? Do "causation"
740522 - and "experience" relate to Open Iris architecture for storing
740523 - knowledge, as discussed by Peirce and cited in Jack's letter on
740524 - 000515? ref SDS 29 7380 Professor Keeler presented Peirce's
740525 - philosophy of knowledge at SRI on 000518. ref SDS 30 3528 Jack's
740526 - assistance in the presentation may have influenced Open Iris design.
740528 - ..
740529 - Glad to see Open Iris is being used for CALO, ref SDS 0 2V7F, so that
740530 - experience can be rolled into product refinement. Jack discussed this
740531 - at Stanford on 060129. ref SDS 73 7A4F
740532 -
740533 -
740534 -
740535 -
740536 -
7406 -
SUBJECTS
Multiple Views Screens Features Demonstrate Powerful Technology Inte
Time Developing Complex Architecture for Open Iris Eliminates Time T
7904 -
790501 - ..
790502 - Screens and Features Demonstrate Powerful Multiple Views
790503 -
790504 - Open Iris provides multiple views, often discussed by Doug Engelbart,
790505 - per above. ref SDS 0 4P7L Integrating a multiplicity of common tasks
790506 - in Open Iris architecture, ref SDS 0 QH4K, makes good use of proven
790507 - technologies. ref SDS 0 5T7L Time developing complex architecture
790508 - underscores Pat Lincoln's comments on 030808. There is not enough
790509 - time left over to invest cognitive overhead studying POIMS, because
790510 - people who care about augmenting intelligence feel they have it
790511 - figured out. ref SDS 69 S67H Cognitive overhead, explained in NWO,
790512 - ref OF 13 LH6K, presents a Knowledge Management dilemma reflected in
790513 - the Tesla story. ref OF 15 QT9O
790515 - ..
790516 - There is an excellent section showing features and examples....
790517 -
790518 - 1. Semantic Graph Viewer..................... ref SDS 0 PQ5Q
790519 - 2. Web Browser............................... ref SDS 0 PQ9U
790520 - 3. Mail...................................... ref SDS 0 014T
790521 - 4. Mail with Connections..................... ref SDS 0 PQ5P
790522 - 5. Calendar.................................. ref SDS 0 5C5L
790523 - 6. Calendar with Event Open.................. ref SDS 0 Z26R
790524 - 7. File Browser.............................. ref SDS 0 GF3H
790525 - 8. Chat...................................... ref SDS 0 3W9I
790526 - 9. Web Search................................ ref SDS 0 VX4G
790527 - 10. Doc Assist................................ ref SDS 0 IZ5G
790528 - 11. Clustering................................ ref SDS 0 MZ5L
790529 - 12. Clustering - Analyze an Email............. ref SDS 0 684J
790530 - 13. Data - Query Builder...................... ref SDS 0 R64T
790531 - 14. Teams..................................... ref SDS 0 PS9W
790532 - 15. Projects.................................. ref SDS 0 Z39N
790533 - 16. People.................................... ref SDS 0 UB8M
790534 - 17. Tasks..................................... ref SDS 0 2J4I
790535 - 18. Articles.................................. ref SDS 0 5T4J
790536 - 19. Categories................................ ref SDS 0 6Z5W
790537 -
790539 - ..
790540 - This extends Jack's work on Nexist reported 010618 reviewing screens
790541 - used in the the program. ref SDS 49 LI7H
790543 - ..
790544 - Here are some details and first impressions on what is shown for Open
790545 - Iris features...
790547 - ..
790548 - 1. Semantic Graph Viewer
790549 -
790550 - http://www.openiris.org/screenshots
790552 - ..
790553 - Seems to be a navigating tool. Looks powerful.
790554 -
790555 - [...does clustering support this feature, per below?
790556 - ref SDS 0 QW5N
790558 - ..
790559 - Shows CALO, with many lines going in various directions,
790560 - like the spokes from an axle to the perimeter of a wheel,
790561 - which is the management model Roosevelt used during WWII.
790562 - Use by professionals on the CALO project will provide
790563 - feedback on experience using Open Iris that helps improve
790564 - the product. ref SDS 0 2V7F
790566 - ..
790567 - Participants Node
790568 -
790569 - This has Jack, Adam, and others evidently
790570 - participating in the project.
790572 - ..
790573 - Sub-projects
790574 -
790575 - Iris is connected to this node.
790577 - ..
790578 - Notes - Structure Keyboard Aid Analysis Understanding
790579 -
790580 - Does Open Iris support conventional "notes" for daily
790581 - work in meetings, calls, and analysis of documents? Is
790582 - this similar to Lotus Notes, reviewed on 020822?
790583 - ref SDS 59 466L Editing is critical for productivity.
790585 - ..
790586 - What keyboard does Open Iris use for consolidating
790587 - commands to solve the problem with Microsoft programs
790588 - that Bill Gates presented on 021108? ref SDS 62 EFBE
790589 - Gary Johnson at Boeing cites advantages of outlining,
790590 - e.g., on 011210. ref SDS 54 6Y44
790591 -
790593 - ..
790594 - Outlining Line Number Structure Facile Flexible
790595 -
790596 - Keynote is a tool for outlining, shown on 020722.
790597 - ref SDS 58 NN4O Are Open Iris "Notes" supported by
790598 - structured outlining, along the lines of Microsoft Word
790599 - and related Windows technologies? There is an example
790600 - of an Open Iris "Calendar" event, but the use of Notes
790601 - is not described. ref SDS 0 Z26R Facile, flexible
790602 - structure is presented on 890523. ref SDS 1 P13O
790603 -
790605 - ..
790606 - Tasks
790607 -
790608 - CALO release 2.3
790610 - ..
790611 - Background Information
790612 -
790613 - CALO Vision v5.doc
790615 - ..
790616 - Categories............................... ref SDS 0 6Z5W
790617 -
790618 - Important
790619 - Iris
790620 -
790622 - ..
790623 - 2. Web Browser
790624 -
790625 - This seems to be a browser program within Iris to replace
790626 - Microsoft and Netscape.
790627 -
790628 - Nothing jumps out as an improvement or complement that
790629 - aids knowledge formation and management.
790631 - ..
790632 - 3. Mail
790633 -
790634 - This seems to be an email program like Microsoft and
790635 - Netscape.
790636 -
790637 - Is the "mail" feature supported by Notes? ref SDS 0 384S
790639 - ..
790640 - 4. Mail with Connections
790641 -
790642 - The picture here is the same as for mail, showing a
790643 - typical email. There is a note that says...
790644 -
790645 - In IRIS, any selected object can be related to other
790646 - categories, projects, tasks, notes, etc. IRIS's machine
790647 - learning algorithms will also attempt to suggest
790648 - connections for you. Here we see mail, with the
790649 - connections pane open.
790651 - ..
790652 - Application is not evident, but looks impressive in
790653 - conjunction with Clustering features. ref SDS 0 MZ5L
790654 -
790656 - ..
790657 - 5. Calendar
790658 -
790659 - There is a note saying...
790660 -
790661 - For IRIS's integrated calendar, we use OpenOffice's
790662 - GLOW calendar.
790664 - ..
790665 - The calendar view presented shows time along the left
790666 - margin marked in half hour increments.
790667 -
790668 - [...see below support for categories may yield
790669 - integation of time and context. ref SDS 0 6Z5W
790671 - ..
790672 - Task descriptions are cursory, rather than present the
790673 - purpose and results of events. Still, this is a good start
790674 - on the managing time.
790676 - ..
790677 - There does not seem to be a "Diary" view, except, the "Go"
790678 - pulldown menu at the top of the calendar, may provide
790679 - access to tasks performed on prior dates. Did not see an
790680 - example.
790682 - ..
790683 - 6. Calendar with Event Opened
790684 -
790685 - This has a title... Edit Event
790686 -
790687 - There is some structure here. It appears the editing
790688 - process may be along the lines of a wordprocessor like
790689 - email, not sure. Does Open Iris "Notes" support creating
790690 - the record of events? ref SDS 0 384S
790692 - ..
790693 - Not clear if this is a report on work in progress, or of a
790694 - diary task, or is this a record to plan an event?
790696 - ..
790697 - There are no evident connections to related work history,
790698 - which are constructed by the Clustering feature.
790699 - ref SDS 0 MZ5L But, they are just getting started, so
790700 - there may not be a lot records, email, and documents yet to
790701 - construct links, per Jack's comments on 060129. ref SDS 73
790702 - 7A4F
790704 - ..
790705 - There is no evidence of explicit links for addressability
790706 - and precision access. Maybe they put in Purple Numbers
790707 - for this, but no evident.
790708 -
790710 - ..
790711 - 7. File Browser
790712 -
790713 - This looks like scrolling through Windows 95, typical
790714 - Microsoft file management.
790715 -
790717 - ..
790718 - 8. Chat
790719 -
790720 - Not sure what is going on here. There is a note that says
790721 - ... so and so.. can you see this message?
790722 -
790724 - ..
790725 - 9. Web Search
790726 -
790727 - This looks like Google, Ask Sam, etc., search engine, and
790728 - there is a note that says...
790729 -
790730 - An integrated web search tool based on the popular
790731 - Carrot2 clustering algorithm.
790732 -
790734 - ..
790735 - 10. Doc Assist
790736 -
790737 - Cannot find anything on this.
790739 - ..
790740 - 11. Clustering
790741 -
790742 - This screen has a label at the top...
790743 -
790744 - Clustering [Carrot] Vanguard
790745 -
790746 - A number of fields are displayed along with two panes of
790747 - lists.
790749 - ..
790750 - Narrative explanation says...
790751 -
790752 - As part of its machine learning framework, IRIS
790753 - provides a clustering API where multiple algorithms
790754 - can be integrated and compared side-by-side. Here we
790755 - see two different algorithms processing email into
790756 - "Project" clusters. Once projects are automatically
790757 - created and labeled, and then approved by a user, this
790758 - forms a key basis around which IRIS starts to build a
790759 - model of the user's world: who works on which
790760 - projects, which files, meeting, emails, web pages are
790761 - related to which projects, and so forth.
790763 - ..
790764 - Would love to see "Clustering" in operation. Sounds
790765 - interesting and powerful. The example given in Open Iris
790766 - on-line materials does not impart operationality,
790767 - ref SDS 0 684J; might work with other features, e.g.,
790768 - Categories. ref SDS 0 6Z5W
790770 - ..
790771 - Does "Clustering" support "machine-learning" cited in the
790772 - explanation of Open Iris? ref SDS 0 4946 Does this feature
790773 - "infer" connections to construct a "personal map" into
790774 - content on a computer, and/or a network data base that
790775 - builds the Semantic Graph Viewer? ref SDS 0 PQ5Q
790777 - ..
790778 - The sample data displayed in the on-line screens does not
790779 - show any links, per above. ref SDS 0 Z275 Another screen
790780 - showing "mail with connections" may indicate use of
790781 - Clustering. ref SDS 0 PQ5P This requires routine use on
790782 - the job, which Jack discussed on 060129. ref SDS 73 7A4F
790784 - ..
790785 - Clustering may use advanced "data mining" technology and
790786 - methods announced by IBM, on 980226. ref SDS 7 1247
790787 - Language pattern matching with computational linguistics
790788 - was reviewed on 991213. ref SDS 8 3234 At that time, NSF
790789 - raised the prospect that Bayesian stastical theory and
790790 - analysis and clustering algorithms could help resolve the
790791 - "Knowledge Management dilemma," and expected this would
790792 - advance objectives of intelligence support for
790793 - Communication Metrics. ref SDS 8 0844 Another possibility
790794 - is that SRI has refined and implemented "mediators"
790795 - developed at Stanford, reported on 940603. ref SDS 4 8J6J
790797 - ..
790798 - Landauer's work with LSA may support "clustering" in Open
790799 - Iris, based on review of Plato's Problem on 960321.
790800 - ref SDS 6 0001
790802 - ..
790803 - On 000503 Jack talked about developing this capability to
790804 - augment intelligence on the OHS/DKR project. ref SDS 27
790805 - 6860 In a letter on 000623 Jack proposed an "engine" to
790806 - build an ontology. The "engine" would further construct
790807 - connections, which necessarily "infers" meaning.
790808 - ref SDS 32 2915 Possibly "ontology" constructed by the
790809 - "clustering" engine supports "Categories" in Open Iris.
790810 - ref SDS 0 6Z5W On 001025 Jack solidified thinking to...
790811 -
790812 - ...build a useful representation without knowing its
790813 - final use cases. You can then reach into that
790814 - representation and construct useful views according to
790815 - specific needs.
790817 - ..
790818 - ...and Paul Fernhout cited challenges of identifying
790819 - knowledge representation well enough to automatically
790820 - organize daily working information. ref SDS 38 LR6N
790822 - ..
790823 - On 001130 Jack discussed improving SDS with an automated
790824 - ontology to make inferences that construct links.
790825 - ref SDS 40 0001 Open Iris appears to have advanced the
790826 - ball on these goals.
790827 -
790829 - ..
790830 - 12. Clustering - Analyzing an Email
790831 -
790832 - An email is open, and there is an explanation saying about
790833 - the clustering op, per above. ref SDS 0 R56K
790834 -
790835 - The Clustering Tool provides a number of ways to
790836 - analyze results. Here, an email is colored with each
790837 - word colored to indicate to which cluster it most
790838 - strongly belongs. You can get a general sense of how
790839 - this email relates to one or more projects
790841 - ..
790842 - I don't have a good feel for what is going on.
790844 - ..
790845 - Drucker says "analysis" is a primary responsibility for
790846 - management, ref SDS 3 7911; he lists critical elements for
790847 - working intelligently, reported on 931130. ref SDS 3 4496
790849 - ..
790850 - Does Open Iris perform the manager's "analysis"? How is
790851 - this applied on the job. Would be interesting to see what
790852 - Open Iris does with a record for a meeting like the one
790853 - that occurred on 041130, ref SDS 72 0001, or at SRI on
790854 - 000324. ref SDS 20 0001
790855 -
790857 - ..
790858 - 13. Data - Query Builder
790859 -
790860 - An IRIS Toolbar lets a user form ontology-driven queries
790861 - across their entire data set.
790862 -
790863 - Sounds very useful. Jack mentioned in a letter on 000221
790864 - that ontology work is complex, ref SDS 16 L58O, so it helps
790865 - to have a tool that does all this.
790866 -
790867 - [...see below for more on "categories." ref SDS 0 6298
790869 - ..
790870 - [On 060809 patient coordinator described advantages
790871 - using technology and practices that organize documents
790872 - to help doctors make sense of complex patient history
790873 - in order to prepare 2nd opinions on diagnosis and
790874 - treatment. ref SDS 80 NN6F
790876 - ..
790877 - Does Open Iris Data Query Builder accomplish Gate's
790878 - objective for improving Microsoft programs to find useful
790879 - information, reported on 021108? ref SDS 62 EF5I
790880 -
790882 - ..
790883 - 14. Teams
790884 -
790885 - Nothing evident on this, but may have missed it.
790886 -
790888 - ..
790889 - 15. Projects
790890 -
790891 - The screen looks like it might be defining a project.
790892 -
790893 - There is a note that says...
790894 -
790895 - A user can create Projects manually, or use Email
790896 - Clustering to create them automatically. Projects
790897 - contain status, participants, due dates, sub projects,
790898 - related tasks, contact information, etc
790900 - ..
790901 - Support for email seems helpful, because management is
790902 - expedited with the ease and utility of this medium, as Jack
790903 - noted on 010908. ref SDS 52 0001
790904 -
790906 - ..
790907 - 16. People
790908 -
790909 - This looks like an excellent contacts program.
790910 -
790911 - There is a note that says...
790912 -
790913 - People have standard contact information, plus can be
790914 - connected to teams, other people, to projects, tasks,
790915 - publications, etc. IRIS can automatically learn
790916 - contact and other information about people by
790917 - searching the web and on your computer
790918 -
790920 - ..
790921 - 17. Tasks
790922 -
790923 - Not sure what is going with this screen.
790924 -
790925 - There is a note that says...
790926 -
790927 - Tasks or "to-dos" can be linked to Projects, People,
790928 - etc.
790930 - ..
790931 - Is this tracking action items? Not clear how someone gets
790932 - back to the original source. Gary indicated recently that
790933 - his folks are using Microsoft Excel and he feel this is
790934 - working well, and may have indicated they somehow support
790935 - traceability to original sources, called out in ISO
790936 - requirements, reported on 950721. ref SDS 5 1740
790937 -
790939 - ..
790940 - 18. Articles
790941 -
790942 - This seems to keep track of publications, i.e., "articles,"
790943 - guess it includes books, magazines, newspapers, movies,
790944 - etc.
790946 - ..
790947 - There is a note that says...
790948 -
790949 - IRIS can open files it harvests from your computer and
790950 - extract references to publications or articles, linked
790951 - to their authors.
790953 - ..
790954 - Not sure how this is applied in the program. Would be nice
790955 - to see someone go through it, like Doug did for NLS Augment
790956 - in the 1968 demo.
790957 -
790958 -
790960 - ..
790961 - 19. Categories
790962 -
790963 - Open Iris saves the best for last, similar to Traction
790964 - presenting "categories" as the "strong suit" of the
790965 - program, reviewed on 011102. ref SDS 53 916Q
790966 -
790967 - Open Iris categories may support context management, which,
790968 - along with the program calendar, ref SDS 0 5C5L, may
790969 - further integrate time and context to enable intelligence
790970 - support for organizing writing the story of daily work.
790971 - Making sense of complexity in daily work is discussed
790972 - above, ref SDS 0 5W6L, and was cited in Jack's letter on
790973 - 040622. ref SDS 70 FM5W
790974 -
790975 - [On 060809 patient coordinator described advantages
790976 - using technology and practices that organize documents
790977 - to help doctors make sense of complex patient history in
790978 - order to prepare 2nd opinions on diagnosis and
790979 - treatment. ref SDS 80 NN6F
790981 - ..
790982 - [On 060907 attribution commend Jack's work and
790983 - commitment to advance knowledge management using topic
790984 - maps. ref SDS 81 IH6O
790986 - ..
790987 - Does this work with the "Data Query Builder," per above, to
790988 - enable people to find important data quickly? ref SDS 0
790989 - R64T Jack's letter on 000221 cited research showing that
790990 - complexity of ontology is a "Pandora's Box" of hard work to
790991 - manage knowledge. ref SDS 16 L58O This was supported by
790992 - further research a few weeks later on 000307 that said
790993 - Knowledge Management is a lot "hard work." ref SDS 19 5182
790995 - ..
790996 - Not clear yet, but Categories in Open Iris may be supported
790997 - by the "Clustering" feature to automatically build and
790998 - maintain ontology. ref SDS 0 R639 This reduces level of
790999 - effort that stymies performance of Knowledge Management
791000 - because people don't have enough time for hard work, noted
791001 - by Jack on 010908. ref SDS 52 YF5O Jack advised on 000829
791002 - that ideas from a KM converence in Montereal could help
791003 - solve the catetory problem. ref SDS 35 DQ6F This was
791004 - presented in part in suggestions for SDS on 001130.
791005 - ref SDS 40 GK8O His subsequent book on topic maps reviewed
791006 - on 020911 developed critical thinking in this area.
791007 - ref SDS 60 NJ6H
791009 - ..
791010 - Interesting -- the section on organizing the record is
791011 - presented in the frame of pictures, i.e., the heading for
791012 - this screen says...
791013 -
791014 - Categories Iris.jpg
791016 - ..
791017 - Filename, file extension, directory path, etc, are listed
791018 - as criteria for categorizing "Iris.jpg," which reflects
791019 - growing demand for storing and managing pictures on
791020 - computers.
791022 - ..
791023 - There is a note that says...
791024 -
791025 - In IRIS, any selected object (e.g. email, person,
791026 - file, webpage, project, task) can classified as
791027 - belonging to one or more user-defined categories. A
791028 - single category (e.g. "Important", or "Project IRIS")
791029 - can contain items of multiple types. Here we see many
791030 - types of objects that have been categorized as
791031 - belonging to a particular project.
791033 - ..
791034 - Probably need to see something done with this in order to
791035 - grasp the Open Iris process for "categories."
791036 -
791037 -
791038 -
791039 -
791040 -
791041 -
791042 -
791043 -
791044 -
791045 -
791046 -
7911 -
Distribution. . . . See "CONTACTS"