THE WELCH COMPANY
440 Davis Court #1602
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rod@welchco.com


S U M M A R Y


DIARY: July 21, 1995 01:49 PM Friday; Rod Welch

Reviewed ISO 10006 on Project Management, compared PMBOK.

1...Summary/Objective
2...Correlation PMBOK & ISO Management Practices
3...Standards Publications Organic Structure for Management Requirements
.....PMBOK ISO 10006
4...Graphics, Tables, Explanations
5...Overuse and Undefined "Processes"
6...Communication Requirements
.....ISO 6.9 Communication related processes
.....ISO 6.9.1 Description of communication related processes
.....PMBOK 10.1 COMMUNICATIONS PLANNING
.....ISO 6.9.2.2 Information distribution...
.....PMBOK 10.2 INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION
.....ISO 6.9.2.4 Communication control...
7...Law of Contracts Omitted
8...Purpose of PMBOK & ISO
.....Implementation Assessment
9...Definition Project Essentially Same in ISO and PMBOK...
.....ISO 3.1... Project
.....PMBOK 1.2... What is a Project
10...Process, Integration, Life Cycle
........Management Cycle Plan Perform Report Requires Documentation
.....Project Management Process Linked So Each Supports the Other
.....Initiate, Plan, Execute, Control, Close
.....Conception, Development, realization and termination
.....SDS Intelligence Cycle Supports Management Process Standards
.....Power of Microcosm Intelligence Converts Information to Knowledge
11...Authority of Project Manager
12...Project Management Coordinating Work to Achieve Objectives
13...Accountability & Authority
14...Quality
15...Tenuous Correlations to Quality
16...Continual Learning Requires Capture and Organize Organizational Memory
17...Learning Experience Investing Intellectual Capital for Lessons Learned
....Data Collection Inadequate for Continual Learning
....Management Cycle Supports Continual Learning
....Case Studies - Automated Experience Enables Continual Learning
....Documentation Converted into Intelligence Yields Command Control
....Lessons Learned Requires Process to Capture Organizational Memory
....Organizational Memory Connect Dots Yield Continual Lessons Learned
18...Document Control
19...Authenticate Communication Add Alignment Verify Accuracy
20...Communication Requires Proactive Alignment Like Hansel and Gretle
21...Traceability, Alignment, Audit Trail, Support, Understanding
22...Hansel and Gretle Used Linking, Alignment to Remember the Way Home
.....Command & Control of the Record
.....Traceability and Continual Learning are Complementary
.....Risk Management
.....Miscommunication & Communication Metrics
.....ISO Errs Equating Communication with Organizational Structure
.....Example of Linking
23...Communication
24...PMBOK discusses communication at:
.....Communication Planning
.....Feedback Loops
.....Project Language, Understanding Require Alignment
.....Leadership - Key Role of Communication to Align
.........Comment and Analysis
25...ISO 10006 discusses communications at:
........Identical Language to PMBOK
.....Meeting Support
.....Feedback Essential to Communications
.....Communication Control - Accuracy & Understanding
.....Teamwork Requires Effective Communication
26...References - Context Relative to Management Knowledge
27...Inadequate English, Grammar


..............
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CONTACTS 

SUBJECTS
PMBOK ISO Correlation Project Management Practices Standards Publica                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
0903 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
0903 -    ..
0904 - Summary/Objective                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
0905 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090501 - Follow up ref SDS 31 0000, ref SDS 30 0000.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
090502 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090503 - Reviewed draft ISO 10006 standards for project management received                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
090504 - today from Doug at Raychem, ref SDS 31 0966, and compared with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090505 - exposure draft of PMBOK received on 950720, ref SDS 30 0001                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
090506 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090507 -     [On 951005 received additional analysis of PMBOK. ref SDS 36 0794                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090509 -  ..
090510 - There are no apparent conflicts between ISO and PMBOK.  Both standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090511 - cover traditional PM practices as integrated processes, but overlook:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090512 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090513 -      1.  Contract legal standards for performing projects.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
090514 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090515 -      2.  Authority of project manager.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090517 -           ..
090518 -      3.  Information density overwhelms systems and tools, causing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
090519 -          cost and schedule control to fail, and attributed to Murphy's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090520 -          Law, as explained in POIMS. ref OF 7 0307                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
090522 -  ..
090523 - PMBOK offers wider, occasionally more meaningful treatment and better                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090524 - balance of project management subjects, and provides more graphics to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090525 - aid comprehension and use.  ISO provides a stronger focus on improving                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090526 - the quality of project management through traceability of "causation"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090527 - and decision support, ref SDS 0 1740, and through continual learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090528 - from project evolving history, i.e., organizational memory (see again                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090529 - POIMS, ref OF 7 01TU)  ISO seems stronger on Project Manager                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
090530 - authority; but, neither standard addresses this issue adequately.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
090532 -  ..
090533 - Common language in places shows collaboration or use of common                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
090534 - sources; however, both standards need to clarify use of "life cycle,"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090535 - "phase" and "process."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090536 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090537 -     [On 951026 submitted comments to ISO. ref SDS 38 0000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090538 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090539 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090540 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090541 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090543 -  ..
0906 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
0907 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
0908 - Progress                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
0909 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090901 - Correlation PMBOK & ISO Management Practices                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
090902 - Standards Publications Organic Structure for Management Requirements                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090903 - 
090904 - There appears to be strong correlation between the PMBOK and ISO 10006                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090905 - standards, as seen from following listing of content headings.  This                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090906 - confirms indications at the PMI Panel discussion on 950718,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
090907 - ref SDS 27 0398, and telecon with Raychem on 950720. ref SDS 29 NN4L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
090909 -  ..
090910 - These lists provide an organic structure in the SDS subject index to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090911 - organize the record of performance using good management practices.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090912 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090913 -            [On 990625 Kaiser's Healthwise Handbook has organic subject                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
090914 -            structure for organizing medical practice. ref SDS 62 W26O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
090915 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090916 -            [On 020504 FAR provides organic structure to organize                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090917 -            procurement work. ref SDS 71 XV7L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
090919 -             ..
090920 -            [On 040312 lecture outline on 21st century science provides                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
090921 -            organic structure for organizing the record and finding                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
090922 -            relevant history on science. ref SDS 77 0Q6M                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090923 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090925 -      ..
090926 -     PMBOK                                     ISO 10006                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
090927 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090928 -     1  Introduction                   0    Introduction                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
090929 -           "                           1    Scope                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
090930 -      .2 Definition, ref SDS 0 M24F    3.1  Definition Project, ref SDS 0 UQ5N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090931 -     2  PM Context                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
090932 -      .1 Phases/Life Cycle             4.4  Phases & Processes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
090933 -      .2 Stakeholders                  3.3  Stakeholder defined                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
090934 -                                       5.2  Stakeholder needs/conflict                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090935 -      .3 Organizational influ.         5.5  Organizational structure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090936 -                                            conducive to quality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090937 -                                   6.8.2.1  Organizational structure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090938 -      .4 General Managmnt Skills            Leadership Communicating                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090939 -                                       6.9  Communication Negotiating                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090940 -                                            Problem Solving                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
090941 -      .5 Socioeconomic Influ.               Influence Organization                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
090942 -         Standards/Regulations              (power & politics)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
090943 -      .6 Cultural Influences                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
090944 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090946 -         ..
090947 -     3  Process                        3.4  Process definition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090948 -     4  Integrative                    6.3  Interlinking                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
090949 -     5  Scope                          6.4  Scope                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
090950 -     6  Time                           6.5  Time                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090951 -     7  Cost                           6.6  Cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090952 -     8  Quality                        5.0  Quality principles                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090953 -     9  Human Resource                 6.8  Personnel                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090954 -    10  Communications                 6.9  Communication                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
090955 -    11  Risk                          6.10  Risk                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090956 -    12  Procurement                   6.11  Procurement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090957 - Ap  D  References                Annx A    References ISO 9000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
090958 - Ap  F  Glossary                       3    Definitions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090959 -                                       6.7  Resource                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090960 - 6.5.3.3  Lessons learned Time         7.0  Learning from the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
090961 - 7.4.3.3    "       "     Cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090962 -   p. 66  Code of Ethics                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
090963 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090964 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090965 -                       ******************                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
090967 -  ..
090968 - Graphics, Tables, Explanations                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090969 - 
090970 - PMBOK is considerably longer than ISO 10006, in part because of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090971 - extensive use of graphs, tables, process explanations and examples. It                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090972 - also covers a wider array of influences on project management, as seen                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090973 - from the above list.  This makes PMBOK seem more meaningful and useful                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
090974 - (practical) than the current draft of the ISO standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
090976 -  ..
090977 - PMBOK could be improved by more examples to illustrate the meaning of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090978 - common terms for processes in different industries, like it uses to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090979 - explain "project life cycles" in section 2.1.3. ref OF 3 NS6K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090980 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090982 -  ..
090983 - Overuse and Undefined "Processes"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
090984 - 
090985 - ISO calls for many "processes" to be developed and used, but does not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090986 - describe or give examples to aid with implementation of the standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
090987 - Exceptions are at section 4.4, ref OF 1 ML7K, and Annex B with Table A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
090988 - on page 35 illustrating a "Progress" evaluation.  More descriptions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
090989 - and examples may exist in the referenced ISO standards.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
090990 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090992 -  ..
090993 - Communication Requirements                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
090994 - 
090995 - ISO proposes...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090996 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
090997 -     ISO 6.9 Communication related processes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
090998 -     ISO 6.9.1 Description of communication related processes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
090999 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091000 -         The aim of the communication related processes is to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091001 -         facilitate the exchange of information necessary for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091002 -         project.  These processes ensure timely and appropriate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091003 -         generation, collection, dissemination, storage and ultimate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091004 -         disposition of project information. ref OF 1 V8F8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091006 -      ..
091007 -     PMBOK 10.1 COMMUNICATIONS PLANNING                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
091008 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091009 -         Communications planning involves determining the information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091010 -         and communications needs of the stakeholders: who needs what                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091011 -         information, when will they need it, and how will it be given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091012 -         to them.  While all projects share the need to communicate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091013 -         project information, the informational needs and the methods                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091014 -         of distribution vary widely.  Identifying the informational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091015 -         needs of the stakeholders and determining a suitable means of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091016 -         meeting those needs is an important factor for project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091017 -         success. ref OF 4 1111                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091019 -      ..
091020 -     ISO 6.9.2. Management of meetings                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091021 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091022 -         Appropriate meeting rules and guidelines should be formalized.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091023 -         Meeting agenda should be sent out in advance.  Minutes of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091024 -         meetings should include decisions made, actions resulting and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091025 -         assignments and should be distributed to relevant parties                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091026 -         within an agreed time. ref OF 1 V8F9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091028 -  ..
091029 - This standard omits requirements for assigning folks to prepare an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091030 - agenda, allocating time for people to be prepared, and assigning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091031 - someone to write up the record, get feedback and refine the record in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091032 - order to make the record useful for command and control of the work,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091033 - i.e., to accomplish the purpose of communication.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091034 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091035 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091037 -      ..
091038 -     ISO 6.9.2.2 Information distribution...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091039 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091040 -         Information should be distributed in a timely manner with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091041 -         strict adherence to time schedules.  All data should be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091042 -         provided without superfluous information.  Concise writing and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091043 -         clear presentation techniques should be used. ref OF 1 QW4I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091045 -      ..
091046 -     PMBOK 10.2 INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091047 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091048 -         Information distribution involves making needed information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091049 -         available to project stakeholders in a timely manner. It                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091050 -         includes implementing the communications management plan as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091051 -         well as responding to unexpected requests for information.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091052 -         ref OF 4 6X3L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091054 -      ..
091055 -     ISO 6.9.2.4 Communication control...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091056 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091057 -         When discrepancies appear between actual performance and plans                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091058 -         corrective actions should be initiated and plans revised.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091059 -         ref OF 1 WY3G                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091061 -  ..
091062 - These prescriptions lead toward Communciation Metrics to complement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091063 - cost and schedule control, explained on 950927, ref SDS 23 EK5J, which                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091064 - are summarized in POIMS, ref OF 8 685K, and which further implement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091065 - ISO requirements for traceability to original sources, shown below.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091066 - ref SDS 0 1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091067 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091068 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091070 -  ..
091071 - Law of Contracts Omitted                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091072 - 
091073 - Project management needs standards that indicate what constitutes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091074 - "timely" and "concise," etc., in different settings.  This requires                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091075 - some consideration of legal standards with respect to notice,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091076 - specifying notice, and response criteria, and how this is applied                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091077 - absent a formal contract.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091079 -  ..
091080 - It could be argued contract law is properly omitted because it is set                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091081 - out in case law.  However, this ignores the tradition that case law                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091082 - reflects or takes account of industry practice, which is the precise                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091083 - objective of an effort to set standards.  Moreover, case law does not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091084 - govern internal projects which none-the-less require similar                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091085 - mechanisms in order to be successful, which is the aim of PMBOK and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091086 - ISO.  (See PMBOK 2.2 ref OF 3 CW5M; and ISO 4.2 ref OF 1 VRXV)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091087 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091089 -  ..
091090 - Purpose of PMBOK & ISO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091091 - 
091092 - PMBOK 1.1 describes the sum of knowledge and common lexicon within the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091093 - profession of project management, ref OF 3 3711, and says at 1.3 that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091094 - "quality is one of many demands to be balanced. ref OF 3 2911                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091096 -  ..
091097 - ISO 10006 1.0 gives guidance on how quality issues impact project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091098 - management, and says the standard is not intended to be a guide to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091099 - project management itself. ref OF 1 1067.  ISO 5.0 describes quality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091100 - principles implemented in clauses 6 and 8, ref OF 1 1001, which                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091101 - supports the view that the purpose of this ISO is to achieve "quality"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091102 - through project management.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091104 -  ..
091105 - ISO 10006 6.3.2.1 says quality is an integral part of good project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091106 - management. The quality system of the project and the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091107 - management system should be the same. ref OF 1 5228                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091109 -      ..
091110 -     The latter standard appears to support John Kahl's point at the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091111 -     PMI Panel discussion on 050718. ref SDS 27 9559.  However these                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091112 -     ISO citations seem to conflict.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091114 -      ..
091115 -     Thus, PMBOK offers guidance on performing project management,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091116 -     including "quality" in Chapter 8, ref OF 4 8001                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091118 -      ..
091119 -     ISO 1006 aims more narrowly, but importantly, to apply quality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091120 -     principles set out in section 5, ref OF 1 1001, to all aspects of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091121 -     project management (expanded with references in Annex A,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091122 -     ref OF 1 0500).  ISO actually covers much of the PMBOK material                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091123 -     under its implied credo that "quality" is the primary aim of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091124 -     enterprise/management.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091126 -      ..
091127 -     This comes close to reducing "quality" to a mere word, even                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091128 -     mantra.  If it covers everything, then nothing distinguishes it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091129 -     The PMBOK idea of balancing competing demands seems a useful                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091130 -     standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091131 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091133 -      ..
091134 -     Implementation Assessment                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091135 -     
091136 -     While both standards present a robust set of "processes," neither                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091137 -     gives guidance on the central challenge of the modern era:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091138 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091139 -         Implementing sound management practices consistently under                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091140 -         accelerated information flows and expanding objectives, as set                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091141 -         out in NWO, ref OF 10 1675, (technical, social, environmental,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091142 -         political, organizational).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091143 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091144 -     ...which is illustrated and underscored by this exercise today                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091145 -     reviewing two standards, and incorporating them into existing work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091146 -     flows under "risk" issues cited by ISO 6.10.2.1  ref OF 1 8295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091148 -      ..
091149 -     ISO correctly calls for a "learning" process, ref OF 1 6923                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091150 -     analogous to POIMS standard to "invest intellectual capital,"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091151 -     ref OF 7 2300, but offers no methods or guidance to accomplish it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091152 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091153 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091155 -  ..
091156 - Definition Project Essentially Same in ISO and PMBOK...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091157 - 
091158 - ISO and PMBOK define "project" distinguished from "operations" by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091159 - planning, cost and schedule requirements for specified scope and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091160 - deliverable, e.g., fix the car, mow the lawn, heart transplant, book                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091161 - report, design a car, build a bridge, bake a cake, fly to the moon,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091162 - run for office.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091164 -      ..
091165 -     ISO 3.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091166 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091167 -        For the purposes of this International Standard, the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091168 -        definitions contained in ISO 8402: 1994 apply, ref OF 1 923F,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091169 -        together with the following:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091171 -      ..
091172 -     ISO 3.1... Project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
091173 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091174 -        Unique process, consisting of a set of co-ordinated and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091175 -        controlled activities with start and finish dates, undertaken                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091176 -        to achieve an objective conforming to specific requirements,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091177 -        including the constraints of time, cost and resources.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091178 -        ref OF 1 UM3L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091180 -         ..
091181 -        Notes:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091182 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091183 -         1.  An individual project may form part or a larger project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091184 -             structure. ref OF 1 IR4H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091186 -              ..
091187 -         2.  In some types of project the objectives are refined and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091188 -             the product characteristics defined progressiveiy as the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091189 -             project proceeds. ref OF 1 ZR5G                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091191 -              ..
091192 -         3.  The outcome of a project may be one or several units of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091193 -             product. ref OF 1 5S5K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091195 -              ..
091196 -         4.  The organization is temporary and established for the life                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091197 -             time of the project. ref OF 1 AS5N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091199 -              ..
091200 -         5.  The interrelation between project activities may be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091201 -             complex. ref OF 1 IS6H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091202 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091204 -      ..
091205 -     PMBOK 1.2... What is a Project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091206 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091207 -        Organizations perform work.  Work generally involves either                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091208 -        operations or projects (although the two may overlap).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091209 -        Operations and projects share many characteristics. ref OF 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091210 -        WZ6I For example, they are:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091212 -              ..
091213 -             Performed by people.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091214 -             Constrained by limited resources.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091215 -             Describable as processes and subprocesses.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091216 -             Planned, executed, and controlled.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091218 -         ..
091219 -        They differ primarily in that operations are ongoing and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091220 -        repetitive while projects are temporary and unique.  A project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091221 -        can thus be defined in terms of its distinctive characteristics                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091222 -        it is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091223 -        product or service.  Temporary means that every project has a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091224 -        definite ending point.  Unique means the product or service is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091225 -        different in some distinguishing way from all similar products                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091226 -        or services (see additional discussion below). ref OF 3 D37M                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091228 -         ..
091229 -        Projects are undertaken at all levels of the organization.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091230 -        They may involve a single person or many thousands.  They may                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091231 -        require less than 100 hours to complete or over 10,000,000.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091232 -        Projects may involve a single unit of one organization or may                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091233 -        cross organizational boundaries as in joint ventures and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091234 -        partnering. ref OF 3 C49G  Examples of projects include:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091236 -              ..
091237 -             Developing a new product or service.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091238 -             Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or style of an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091239 -             organization.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091240 -             Designing a new transportation vehicle.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091241 -             Developing a new or modified information system.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091242 -             Constructing a building or facility.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091243 -             Running a campaign for political office.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091244 -             Implementing a new business procedure or process.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091245 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091246 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091248 -  ..
091249 - Process, Integration, Life Cycle                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091250 - 
091251 - Standards for both PMBOK and ISO recognize management "integrates" a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091252 - range of "processes" for command and control of daily work.  PMBOK                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091253 - gives deeper treatment by devoting separate chapters (3 and 4), to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091254 - these subjects.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091256 -  ..
091257 - Neither standard distinguishes how project management differs from the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091258 - general management role of integrating processes, except PMBOK notes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091259 - in section 3.2....                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091260 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091261 -              PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESS INTERACTIONS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091262 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091263 - ...that projects require initiating and closing. ref OF 3 QVXQ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091264 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091266 -         ..
091267 -        Management Cycle Plan Perform Report Requires Documentation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091268 -        
091269 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091270 - PMBOK section 3.2 further says in particular....                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091271 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091272 -        ....processes are linked by the results they produce-the result                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091273 -        or outcome of one becomes an input to another.  Among the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091274 -        central processes, the links are iterated-planning provides                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091275 -        executing with a documented project plan early on, and then                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091276 -        provides documented updates to the plan as the project pro-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091277 -        gresses. ref OF 3 QVWP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091279 -      ..
091280 -     This requirement supports the SDS design to enable consistent use                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091281 -     of a "plan, perform, report" management cycle, explained in POIMS.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091282 -     ref OF 7 6649  The requirement for continual "documentation"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091283 -     aligns with SDS support for "reporting," ref OF 7 2300, that adds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091284 -     links showing an audit trail of traceability to original sources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091285 -     in the work history, also, called "organizational memory," and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091286 -     expressly called out by ISO requirements, shown below. ref SDS 0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091287 -     1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091288 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091289 -        [On 020504 Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) similarly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091290 -        require "documentation" to show the work is aligned with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091291 -        objectives, requirements and commitments. ref SDS 71 IY4I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091292 -        Growing evidence shows agencies have difficulty performing this                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091293 -        requirement. ref SDS 71 NS6F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091295 -  ..
091296 - "Process" means a work practice and/or set of steps to accomplish a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091297 - business requirement, e.g., "hiring" is part of the human resource                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091298 - "process."  Both standards recognize in defining "subprocesses" that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091299 - all work practices, like all of existence, have organic structure that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091300 - permits deeper levels of attention, depending upon circumstances and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091301 - the magnitude of the undertaking.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091302 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091304 -  ..
091305 - ISO 3.4 defines at ref OF 1 UZ8H a "process" as a:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091306 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091307 -      4. set of inter-related resources and activities which transform                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091308 -     inputs into outputs. (ISO 8402:1994)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091309 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091310 -     NOTE - Resources may include personnel, finance, facilities,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091311 -            equipment, techniques and methods.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091313 -  ..
091314 - PMBOK para 3.1 defines....                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091316 -      ..
091317 -     Project Management Process Linked So Each Supports the Other                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091318 -     Initiate, Plan, Execute, Control, Close                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091319 -     
091320 -     ...a series of actions bringing about a result" [1].  Operational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091321 -     management (managing ongoing operations) also involves planning,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091322 -     executing, and controlling; however, the temporary nature of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091323 -     projects requires the addition of initiating and closing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091324 -     ref OF 3 1568                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
091326 -      ..
091327 -     Management processes... are not discrete, one time events; they                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091328 -     are overlapping activities which occur at varying levels of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091329 -     intensity throughout each phase of the project Figure 3-1 is a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091330 -     conceptual illustration of how the processes overlap and vary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091331 -     within a phase. ref OF 3 158N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
091333 -      ..
091334 -     In addition, the processes are linked by the results they                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091335 -     produce-the result or outcome of one becomes an input to another.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091336 -     Among the central processes, the links are iterated-planning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091337 -     provides exe- cuting with a documented project plan early on, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091338 -     then provides documented updates to the plan as the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091339 -     progresses.  These linkages are illustrated in Figure 3-2.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091340 -     ref OF 3 QVWP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
091341 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091343 -  ..
091344 - ISO 10006 4.4 describes 4 phases of a project "life cycle," ref OF 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091345 - O54O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091347 -      ..
091348 -     Conception, Development, realization and termination                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091349 -     
091350 -     ...which seem similar to the the PMBOK management process;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091351 -     however, PMBOK uses "life cycle" only in chapter 2.1 to identify                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091352 -     the whole of a project's "phases," ref OF 3 line 822.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091354 -      ..
091355 -     PMBOK uses "phase" in 2.1.1 to mean a major milestone such as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091356 -     completion of a deliverable.  PMBOK does not indicate "phase" is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091357 -     another way of saying "process," and does not use "life cycle" to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091358 -     refer to project "processes" defined in 3.1, ref OF 3 line 1610.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091359 -     However, examples of "life cycles" from various industries at                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091360 -     2.1.3, beginning at ref OF 3 line 917, indicate "life cycle" may                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091361 -     be used in the PMBOK in a similar way as "process," which is the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091362 -     case with the ISO standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091364 -          ..
091365 -         PMBOK glossary, appendix F, does not define "life cycle"; it                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091366 -         defines "phase" as delivery of major deliverable. It does not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091367 -         define "process."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091369 -          ..
091370 -         Seems like more work is needed on defining process, phase,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091371 -         life cycle.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091373 -      ..
091374 -     These distinctions are confusing in considering both standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091375 -     together, but are not material to adequacy of the standards, since                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091376 -     both present substantially the same ideas.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091377 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091379 -      ..
091380 -     SDS Intelligence Cycle Supports Management Process Standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091381 -     Power of Microcosm Intelligence Converts Information to Knowledge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091382 -     
091383 -     Both PMBOK and ISO standards support what George Gilder identifies                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091384 -     as a source of significantly increased productivity derived from                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091385 -     controlling smaller process elements, reviewed on 950718.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091386 -     ref SDS 27 3846.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091388 -      ..
091389 -     Management processes like those in the PMBOK, ref SDS 0 4012, ISO,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091390 -     ref SDS 0 4032, and earlier Edward Deming (Plan, Do, Study, Act),                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091391 -     convert inert information into the power of knowledge through                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091392 -     automated integration of the SDS "intelligence cycle," ref OF 7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091393 -     6649, ref OF 7 0336 (also "Continual Learning" below. ref SDS 0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091394 -     2846)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091395 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091396 -        [On 960519 reviewed power of microscosm to improve                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091397 -        productivity. ref SDS 45 8338                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091398 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091400 -  ..
091401 - Authority of Project Manager                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091402 - Project Management Coordinating Work to Achieve Objectives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091403 - 
091404 - ISO 1006 section 4.2 explains scope of project management coordinates                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091405 - planning, assignments, monitoring all aspects controlling the work,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091406 - including quality management. ref OF 1 VRXV, and ISO 1006 5.3,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091407 - ref OF 1 6557                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091409 -  ..
091410 - Project manager is the single point of contact with responsibility and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091411 - authority for managing the work to meet objectives, requirements, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091412 - commitments.  Authority delegated to the project manager should be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091413 - commensurate with responsibility. ref OF 1 PSPW                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091415 -  ..
091416 - ISO 6.8.2.1 calls for the project manager to develop an organizational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091417 - structure with effective lines of communication and control.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091418 - ref OF 1 E358                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091420 -  ..
091421 - ISO recognizes projects can be organized in significantly different                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091422 - ways that impact authority of project manager. ref OF 1 RO4J                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091424 -  ..
091425 - PMBOK presents specific organizational structure types (e.g.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091426 - functional, matrix, project associated varying levels of manager                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091427 - authority. ref OF 3 FO5M and ref OF 3 F166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091428 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091429 -     The PMBOK appears more robust on this issue, but it is too weak                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091430 -     alerting stakeholders that chances of meeting objectives are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091431 -     reduced by failing to delegate adequate authority to the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091432 -     manager for coordinating the work.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091434 -      ..
091435 -     It seems unhelpful to call for an appropriate organizational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091436 -     structure, without giving guidance on determining "appropriate."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091438 -      ..
091439 -     PMBOK and ISO standards rest on the principle that management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091440 -     drives the quality of project results.  It is therefore disturbing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091441 -     that ISO fails to address directly, as PMBOK does, that success of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091442 -     projects depends directly on authority of the project manager to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091443 -     direct the work, given the intent to promote "quality" in project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091444 -     management. ref OF 1 7W8F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091445 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091447 -  ..
091448 - Accountability & Authority                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091449 - 
091450 - ISO 10006 6.2.2. under application of quality principles to the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091451 - strategic process, calls for a project manager to be assigned with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091452 - accountability and responsibility defined at the earliest date, see                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091453 - ref OF 1 line 525.  Similarly at 6.8.2.1, ref OF 1 line 1259.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091455 -  ..
091456 - Traceability, called out below, is a key method of accomplishing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091457 - accountability. ref SDS 0 1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091459 -  ..
091460 - On 931130 review of Drucker shows "sunshine profits" make managers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091461 - avoid accountability. ref SDS 12 1504]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091463 -  ..
091464 - On 931223 Deming, who developed TQM and focuses on accountability as a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091465 - component of quality, had to leave the country to find acceptance of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091466 - these standards. ref SDS 14 9765                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091467 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091468 -        [On 971202 ISO 9000 HQUSACE policy stresses accountability...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091469 -        ref SDS 52 7453]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091471 -         ..
091472 -        [On 970829 accountability is essence of management. ref SDS 49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091473 -        6666                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091475 -         ..
091476 -        [On 980307 reviewed Andy Grove's book "Only the Paranoid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091477 -        Survive" that descirbes "Strategic Disonnence" ref SDS 54 5517                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091478 -        as managers in denial who fear change. ref SDS 54 3740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091480 -         ..
091481 -        [On 980405 managers fear accountability. ref SDS 57 5065]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091482 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091484 -      ..
091485 -     First, ISO does not distinguish "authority" of a project manager,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091486 -     from a coordinator or team leader, each of whom do not have                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091487 -     authority to compel/encourage performance, as discussed on 950705.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091488 -     ref SDS 26 T2DM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091490 -      ..
091491 -     Second, a lot of people can manage projects but do not have the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091492 -     risk capital to be accountable for the results.  Therefore, what                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091493 -     does it mean to define "accountability?" This is a difficult area.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091495 -           ..
091496 -          Barney Hedberg at Perini told the story of the guy who                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091497 -          submitted a quote for a project and when asked if he could                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091498 -          bond, said "No, but I am willing to admit my mistake, if I am                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091499 -          wrong."  That's not accountability.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091501 -           ..
091502 -          Often a contractor does not want anyone else to be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091503 -          accountable, because he wants to retain the opportunity to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091504 -          gain commensurate with the risk of loss, and so is unwilling                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091505 -          to give up any accountability, but must in order to be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091506 -          successful, give up authority.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
091508 -      ..
091509 -     Suppose authority of the Project Manager is defined as ensuring                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091510 -     that schedules and budgets are prepared within industry standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091511 -     and updated monthly, that a report be submitted explaining budget                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091512 -     overages and schedule delays, together with a plan to recover, or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091513 -     request for a change in the budget or schedule.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091515 -      ..
091516 -     This is not really "authority."  It is "responsibility," without                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091517 -     however, authority to offer inducements and/or penalties there is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091518 -     no authority and if there is no authority, there is no project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
091519 -     manager; rather we have a coordinator, or team leader per                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091520 -     discussion on 950705. ref SDS 26 T2DM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091521 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091522 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091524 -  ..
091525 - Quality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091526 - 
091527 - ISO 10006 5.0 describes quality principles implemented in clauses 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091528 - and 8, ref OF 1 line 371.  So the entire purpose of the standard is to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091529 - implement quality.  It is not clear where in the standard the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091530 - stakeholder is presented with choices about what level of "quality" to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091531 - buy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091532 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091533 -     [On 951221 article on need to balance quality considerations with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091534 -     resource availability based on cost and schedule commitments.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091535 -     ref SDS 41 SZ82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091537 -  ..
091538 - PMBOK addresses quality in chapter 8, ref OF 4 line 1557, as one among                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091539 - many processes to be integrated and balanced in managing a project,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091540 - ref OF 3 line 523.  It cites ISO 8402, evidently published in 1993 for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091541 - a definition of "quality" ref OF 5 line 2070.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091543 -      ..
091544 -     This is one of the rare instances in PMBOK where the language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
091545 -     seems very awkward, and so hopefully has been improved since 1993.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091546 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091547 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091549 -  ..
091550 - Tenuous Correlations to Quality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091551 - 
091552 - ISO 10006 6.8.2.1 says project team positions should be documented and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091553 - accepted by staff members, in order to ensure "project quality,"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091554 - ref OF 1 line 1286.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
091555 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091556 -     This sounds more like a fair employment labor clause rather than                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091557 -     something aimed at quantifying the quality of the work.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091559 -  ..
091560 - ISO 10006 6.8.2.3 says project personnel should receive, to the extent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091561 - required by the project, additional training, both general and project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091562 - specific, ref OF 1 line 1352. The training should ensure that they are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091563 - competent, at their level of responsibility in the project in areas                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091564 - such as:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091565 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091566 -         quality principles and their application to the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091567 -         project quality system                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091568 -         lessons learned from previous projects                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
091569 -         scope of work within the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
091570 -         project procedures and instructions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
091571 -         tools and techniques used in the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091573 -       ..
091574 -      Competence goes to basic acuity, education, tenacity, willingness                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091575 -      to expend whatever level of effort is required to accomplish a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091576 -      mission, including research requirements, acquire added formal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091577 -      education, make a thousand calls, track chronology, context, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091578 -      construct connections that "conntect the dots" for accurate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
091579 -      understanding, and timely follow up to get things done.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091581 -       ..
091582 -      How is "competency" determined for "lessons learned from previous                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
091583 -      projects," or, "project quality system"?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
091585 -       ..
091586 -      Project managers have a duty to provide tools and support that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091587 -      grow and leverage competence.  The core competency of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
091588 -      civilization is converting information into knowledge.  SDS and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091589 -      Communciation Metrics accomplish this better than other methods.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091590 -      see POIMS, ref OF 7 0367                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
091592 -       ..
091593 -      The ISO call to provide opportunities for personal involvement,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
091594 -      satisfaction and development is not clearly related to "quality"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091595 -      and seems more akin to equating a PM with the role of mother and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
091596 -      father.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
091597 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091598 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091599 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
091600 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
0917 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

SUBJECTS
Continual Learning, Executive Training, 930726                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
ISO Continual Learning Links Good Management Working Intelligently Tr                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Continual Learning Links Good Management Working Intelligently Tracea                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
ISO 10006 PMBOK Continual Learning Lessons Learned from Experience Co                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Chronology Understanding Sequence Diary Time                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
ISO Continual Learning Align Communication Objectives Requirements C                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2208 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
220901 -  ..
220902 - Continual Learning Requires Capture and Organize Organizational Memory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
220903 - Learning Experience Investing Intellectual Capital for Lessons Learned                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
220904 - 
220905 - ISO 10006 section 5.6 presents principal 5 stating that management is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
220906 - responsible to have a process of continuous improvement from project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
220907 - experience. ref OF 1 6923  ISO 10006 section 7.0 implements clause 5.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
220908 - with requirements for learing from project history. ref OF 1 IWYP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
220909 - These ISO requirements reflect the common dictum:  "past is prologue."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220910 - ISO requires investment for an effective and efficient system of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
220911 - continual learning, ref OF 1 S74H, and recognizes that computers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220912 - support this task with capacities for storing, finding, maintaining,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
220913 - and using relevant history quickly when needed. ref OF 1 S839                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220915 -            ..
220916 -           [On 130427 1038 Open Colleges offers 18-month e-learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220917 -           advanced education program for certificate in project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
220918 -           management; applies Tofflers vision of continual learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220919 -           with training and support. ref SDS 85 XQ5L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
220921 -  ..
220922 - On 880415 Stanford project management office supported by new                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
220923 - Integrated Facilities department, getting case studies improve results                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220924 - on construction projects for Stanford, and provides feedback to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
220925 - improve classroom curiculum. ref SDS 1 PU91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
220927 -         ..
220928 -        Capturing experience supports Jeromy Campbell's explanation of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
220929 -        human thinking and "logic," as based on "experience," from                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
220930 -        review on 900303. ref SDS 5 0052  Discovering cause and effect                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
220931 -        from connections to original sources, suggests that continual                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
220932 -        learning is closely related to continual linking required for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
220933 -        traceability to original sources, discussed below. ref SDS 0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220934 -        1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
220936 -         ..
220937 -        Continual learning necessarily requires accurately capturing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220938 -        organiztional memory of daily experience and constructing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
220939 -        chronologies showing traceability to original sources, see                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
220940 -        below, ref SDS 0 1740, which impart knowledge of cause and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
220941 -        effect based on context of particular subjects, as explained in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220942 -        POIMS. ref OF 7 0367 and further at ref OF 7 2300  In the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
220943 -        manual world of traditional management practice this process is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220944 -        more commonly called "lessons learned."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
220946 -            ..
220947 -           [On 950911 Tofflers recommend continual learning by teaching                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
220948 -           children to "think." ref SDS 34 2222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
220950 -            ..
220951 -           [On 971004 Stanford construction project management office                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
220952 -           closed because "best of best" failed to meet objectives.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
220953 -           ref SDS 50 0001                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
220955 -            ..
220956 -           [On 000129 Colloquium at Stanford presented Doug Engelbart's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
220957 -           ideas on improving improvement process, ref SDS 65 3168,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
220958 -           reviewed earlier on 991222. ref SDS 64 3961]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
220960 -            ..
220961 -           [On 011102 organizational learning developed by Senge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220962 -           antecedent to Knowledge Management based on studies of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
220963 -           building aircraft during WWII, and later an article                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
220964 -           published in 1962 that won a Nobel Prize on improving                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
220965 -           productivity through learning and experience. ref SDS 67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
220966 -           M25K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
220968 -            ..
220969 -           [On 041213 Edison credited for using contemporaneous notes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
220970 -           to support plan, perform, report discovery process of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220971 -           scientific method. ref SDS 81 DK4N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
220973 -         ..
220974 -        Continual Learning uses SDS to capture and integrate personal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
220975 -        and organizational memory, see POIMS, ref OF 7 01TU, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
220976 -        reviewed on 890809. ref SDS 3 7499  At that time, Morris                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
220977 -        indicated continual learning sounds good, but asked about                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
220978 -        experience showing cost savings? ref SDS 4 MZ3K  Management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
220979 -        standards encourage people to learn, despite lack of experience                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220980 -        showing cost savings, similar to sending children to school,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220981 -        even though they would rather watch television and play with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220982 -        friends, because they do not have experience that shows                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
220983 -        learning makes it possible to watch television and play.  To                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
220984 -        reduce ignorance, there needs to be an initial launching                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
220985 -        mechanism.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
220987 -         ..
220988 -        Continual learning requirements in ISO reflect Welch Management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
220989 -        Method cited on 911123, ref SDS 6 4930, as exemplified in the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
220990 -        record on 950428, ref SDS 24 8900, which applies Edison's work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
220991 -        practice of persistance and diligence reviewed on 940722,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
220992 -        ref SDS 20 8994, Covey's idea reviewed on 921205 to keep a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
220993 -        daily journal, ref SDS 8 1121, also developed from review on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
220994 -        931130 of Peter Drucker's ideas, ref SDS 12 5820, and "Learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
220995 -        Organization" ideas of Peter Senge, reviewed on 930216.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
220996 -        ref SDS 9 8998.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
220997 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
220998 -            [On 041213 Edison credited for using contemporaneous notes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
220999 -            to support plan, perform, report discovery process of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221000 -            scientific method. ref SDS 81 DK4N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221002 -         ..
221003 -        [On 951012 "Tending the Garden of Knowledge" explains value of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
221004 -        "continual learning" supported by POIMS. ref SDS 37 9066.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
221006 -         ..
221007 -        [On 951216 example at ref SDS 40 0050.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
221008 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221010 -     ..
221011 -    Data Collection Inadequate for Continual Learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221012 -    
221013 -    ISO calls for collecting "data" rather than capturing information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221014 -    and converting it into knowledge.  [The defect in a process of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
221015 -    "data collection" to improve management productivity was developed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221016 -    later in a discussion with Intel, ref SDS 35 4218.]  However, a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
221017 -    simple extension of the "data collection" requirement, supports the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221018 -    innovation of SDS to collect a diary associated with project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221019 -    objectives and detailed organic structure automatically recycled by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221020 -    the POIMS management process to support future work and decisions,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221021 -    ref OF 7 line 178, called for in the Kerzner lecture on Project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
221022 -    Management, ref SDS 21 8447                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221023 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221025 -     ..
221026 -    Management Cycle Supports Continual Learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
221027 -    Case Studies - Automated Experience Enables Continual Learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221028 -    
221029 -    The only way to effectively accomplish ISO requirements for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221030 -    continual learning is by automating the management cycle, as SDS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221031 -    does, per Morris' comments on 911123, ref SDS 6 0477                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
221033 -     ..
221034 -    The record on 950428 explains how SDS is used to create continual                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221035 -    "case studies," ref SDS 24 8900, that have proven to be useful in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221036 -    the Bible and case law by showing results of prior similar fact                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221037 -    patterns.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
221039 -     ..
221040 -    Need for intelligence that enables continual learning is explained                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221041 -    from Cal Tech seminar on 921021, ref SDS 7 5692,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
221043 -     ..
221044 -    Enterprise Management is an attempt to strengthen use of lessons                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221045 -    learned from organizational memory, reported on 940522.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221046 -    ref SDS 18 QL5G                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
221048 -     ..
221049 -    "Knowledge" is the work product that results from "intelligence"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221050 -    that enables continual learning, as explained on 900302, reviewing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221051 -    Jeromy Campbell's book "The Improbably Machine." ref SDS 5 3002                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
221052 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221053 -         [On 950812 applied to NWO paper at ref SDS 32 0112                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221054 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221056 -     ..
221057 -    Documentation Converted into Intelligence Yields Command Control                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221058 -    Lessons Learned Requires Process to Capture Organizational Memory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221059 -    Organizational Memory Connect Dots Yield Continual Lessons Learned                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221060 -    
221061 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221062 - PMBOK section 6.5.3.3, ref OF 4 PS4H, and 7.4.3.3, ref OF 4 PR6N, call                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221063 - for documenting causes of time and cost variances, and the reasoning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221064 - in choosing corrections, to be used for future work.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221066 -  ..
221067 - ISO Section 7 on "Learning from the Project" is much stronger than the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221068 - approach in PMBOK. ref OF 1 IWYP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221070 -     ..
221071 -    Neither ISO nor PMBOK offer guidelines on how to accomplish                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221072 -    "documentation" so it is timely, accurate and is readily accessible                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221073 -    when needed to solve daily problems, i.e., they fail to offer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
221074 -    automated and integrated organization and access methods that make                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221075 -    "lessons" valuable. ref OF 7 PG9M                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221077 -     ..
221078 -    Rather than call for "documentation," which is uniformly ignored as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221079 -    bureaucratic paperwork that slows everybody down, PMBOK, ISO, FAR,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221080 -    and other standards should require "intelligence" support that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
221081 -    "connects the dots" of cause and effect.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
221082 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221083 -        [On 020504 case study of Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
221084 -        shows people commonly ignore good management practices,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221085 -        including standards and regulations, and rely instead on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221086 -        conversation. ref SDS 71 NS6F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221088 -         ..
221089 -        [On 040203 bureaucracy requires paperwork, but fear of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
221090 -        accountability and drives people to avoid documentation of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
221091 -        critical details that save lives, time, and money. ref SDS 76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221092 -        8Y5I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
221094 -         ..
221095 -        [On 030826 NASA chief executive testifies before Congress that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
221096 -        continual disasters occur because people interpret requirements                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221097 -        as suggestions. ref SDS 74 8K4G                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
221099 -     ..
221100 -    Adding energy in the management process to understand the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
221101 -    chronology of causation yields the power of knowledge for getting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
221102 -    things done on time and within budget, as set out in POIMS,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221103 -    ref OF 7 1X6G, because the order of cause and effect empowers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221104 -    predictability, essential for command and control of the work. see                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221105 -    again POIMS. ref OF 9 1113                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221106 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221107 -        [On 040312 locality principle under the irreversibility of time                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221108 -        which drives the 2nd law of thermodynamics says that energy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221109 -        from connecting cause and effect yields the power of knowledge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221110 -        for predictability. ref SDS 77 YH4G                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
221112 -         ..
221113 -        [On 040312 complementarity principle makes conversation and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221114 -        intelligence support to connect the dots of cause and effect                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221115 -        empowers communication to drive productivity. ref SDS 78 HN3M                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221116 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221117 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221119 -  ..
221120 - Document Control                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
221121 - 
221122 - POIMS explains SDS support for document management. ref OF 7 1107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
221124 -  ..
221125 - Documentation and control are discussed throughout ISO 10006...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221126 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221127 -        1.  Section 6.3.2.1 Project plan development                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221128 -            should document requirements for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
221129 -            quality system............................. ref OF 1 1G6I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221131 -             ..
221132 -        2.  Progress evaluations and procedures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221133 -            should be documented....................... ref OF 1 RH7O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221135 -             ..
221136 -        3.  6.3.2.2 Interaction management says                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221137 -            documentation is required for project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
221138 -            co-ordination.............................. ref OF 1 XL5H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221140 -             ..
221141 -        4.  Section 6.3.2.3 says "change management"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221142 -            should include document control                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221143 -            procedures................................. ref OF 1 MG5O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221145 -             ..
221146 -        5.  Section 6.4.2.4 Activity control says                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
221147 -            documents should subject to document                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221148 -            control procedures......................... ref OF 1 G65L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221150 -  ..
221151 - However, ISO has no standard for performing "document control" nor to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221152 - evaluate performance.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221153 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221154 -     What is document control?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
221155 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221156 -     If we call IBM, General Motors, Bechtel, Harvard, the City of San                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221157 -     Francisco, can anyone look up when a document was issued,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
221158 -     received, answered, worked, what organizational objectives it                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
221159 -     impacts and how it relates to other documents, the schedule,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
221160 -     budget???                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
221162 -  ..
221163 - PMBOK gives less treatment than ISO to document control, more properly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221164 - called "Communication Metrics" in an age of information revolution,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221165 - ref SDS 11 7788, to ensure understanding through "Command and Control                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
221166 - of the Record." ref OF 7 1113  See also "Traceability" below.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
221167 - ref SDS 0 1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221168 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221169 -     The authors may omit standards to capture, organize, link,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221170 -     integrate, retrieve and apply the record, because the practice is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
221171 -     not unique to project management, ref OF 1 line 1311.  This view                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221172 -     conflicts with the tradition of projects requiring careful                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
221173 -     communications such that solutions to most problems are in the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221174 -     record, see ref SDS 7 line 128, ref OF 7 line 538.  It also                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
221175 -     ignores the rising demand from the Information Highway for ways to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221176 -     convert information into knowledge in order to avoid Murhphy's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221177 -     Law, ref OF 8 line 48, and ref SDS 19 line 242.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221179 -      ..
221180 -     A simple example highlights this deficiency.  How do those who                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221181 -     crafted either the ISO or the PMBOK expect people to implement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
221182 -     their ideas, if there is not a standard for linking work performed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
221183 -     to particular documents and standards?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
221184 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221185 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221186 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
221187 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2212 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

SUBJECTS
Authenticate Communication Add Alignment Verify Accuracy Communicati                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
Pictures Require Thousand Words Explain Analyse Understand Follow Up                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
Capture Record Improves Knowledge Management Organizational Memory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
Analysis Listening Thinking Planning Follow Up                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
ISO Links Good Management Traceability to Original Sources Audit Tra                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
Hansel Gretle Audit Trail to Original Sources Links Alignment Tracea                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
Traceability Orginal Sources Continual Learning Complementary Binary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5409 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541001 -  ..
541002 - Authenticate Communication Add Alignment Verify Accuracy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541003 - Communication Requires Proactive Alignment Like Hansel and Gretle                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541004 - Traceability, Alignment, Audit Trail, Support, Understanding                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541005 - Hansel and Gretle Used Linking, Alignment to Remember the Way Home                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541006 - 
541007 - Traceability to original sources called out extensively by ISO, listed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541008 - below ref SDS 0 S499, and by PMBOK provisions to verify communication                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541009 - using "feedback loops," ref SDS 0 1940, supports accountability,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541010 - ref SDS 0 2221, by constructing an audit trail showing alignment of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541011 - daily work with objectives, requirements and commitments. ref SDS 0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541012 - 4421                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541014 -  ..
541015 - Alignment authenticates conversation and analysis to discover accurate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541016 - and comprehensive correlations, implications, and nuance in documents,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541017 - meetings, and calls.  Adding energy to "connect the dots" of cause and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541018 - effect yields the power of knowledge to control the work, which                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541019 - complements requirements for continual learning from the record of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541020 - experience on the job. ref SDS 0 6883  Published guidance in ISO,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541021 - PMBOK, contracts, laws and regulations help people overcome fear that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541022 - alignment to verify accuracy that avoids error, reduces deniability                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541023 - that avoids accountability for errors, shown on 890324. ref SDS 2 4484                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541024 - Without standards for accuracy using traceability to original sources,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541025 - management collapses into error, bumbling, chaos, conflict, crisis,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541026 - and calamity.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541028 -         ..
541029 -        [...below ISO ISO 10006 6.8.2.3 calls for clear and open                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541030 -        communication and mutual commitment to customer satisfaction,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541031 -        but does not cite requirements for accuracy in meetings, calls                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541032 -        and documents communicating with customers and colleageus using                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541033 -        feedback loops for traceability to original sources.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541034 -        ref SDS 0 5222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541036 -         ..
541037 -        [On 951221 article calls for contemperaneous documentation of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541038 -        software development. ref SDS 41 0966                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541040 -         ..
541041 -        [On 040312 traceability to original sources applies "locality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541042 -        principle" adding energy to "connect the dots" of cause and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541043 -        effect yields power of knowledge to control the future under                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541044 -        the 2nd law of thermodynamics that increases entropy causing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541045 -        management to devolve into error, conflict, crisis, chaos, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541046 -        calamity. ref SDS 77 CB7L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541048 -         ..
541049 -        [On 051130 article in AIA Architect requires documentation for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541050 -        good management to work accurately, communications aligned with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541051 -        original sources, ref SDS 83 G46F, but notes that during the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541052 -        past quarter century, documentation has grown significantly;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541053 -        projects that required only a few file boxes in the 1980s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541054 -        result in many times that amount today. ref SDS 83 Z16L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541056 -         ..
541057 -        [On 051130 AIA project management requires contemporaneous                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541058 -        notes documentation showing work aligns with plans and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541059 -        specifications, stakeholder requirements, commitments.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541060 -        ref SDS 83 D94Q                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541062 -         ..
541063 -        [On 100207 1454 Command Commissioning improves initial planning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541064 -        through construction, testing, and maintenance of multi-faceted                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541065 -        building projects providing independent audit to verify                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541066 -        alignment with owner's design intent and operational needs are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541067 -        accomplished. ref SDS 84 WX7W                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541069 -  ..
541070 - "Documentation" is a common term for traceability to original sources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541071 - that verifies accuracy.  Projects start with extensive procedures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541072 - using familiar tools for documentation.  However, "expediting" soon                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541073 - degrades management to entropy that ignores accuracy under the excuse                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541074 - of "reducing paperwork," because complexity overwhelms people using                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541075 - popular, familiar tools for documentation, and conversation seems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541076 - fast and easy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541078 -         ..
541079 -        [On 951026 organizations certified compliant with ISO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541080 -        requirements are unable to comply with requirements for good                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541081 -        management. ref SDS 38 3245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541083 -         ..
541084 -        [On 960304 Vannevar Bush article published in 1945 forecast                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541085 -        using technology for constructing a web of trails through the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541086 -        record of daily work that give timely access to accurate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541087 -        details for performing future work. ref SDS 43 L47F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541089 -         ..
541090 -        [On 970707 USAFIT study found that management fails, i.e.,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541091 -        devolves toward entropy, on all large projects because people                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541092 -        fail to invest time and expense to maintain alignment of daily                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541093 -        communication with objectives, requirements, and commitments.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541094 -        ref SDS 48 0108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541096 -         ..
541097 -        [On 990524 engineering management requires diligence to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541098 -        document work history alignment with requirements saves time                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541099 -        and money by avoiding mistakes. ref SDS 59 0876                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541101 -         ..
541102 -        [On 990525 engineers don't like to write and management does                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541103 -        not plan enough time for documentation. ref SDS 61 0966                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541105 -         ..
541106 -        [On 990625 Kaiser's Healthwise Handbook requires good medical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541107 -        practice based on good communication by capturing the record of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541108 -        patient history in the medical chart, ref SDS 62 6X3L, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541109 -        getting feedback to verify accuracy. ref SDS 62 TD6Q  Doctors                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541110 -        do not have enough time to write up the record, review and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541111 -        provide feedback to verify accuracy. ref SDS 62 2652                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541113 -         ..
541114 -        [On 000307 knowledge management dilemma arises from "hard work"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541115 -        required to maintain order in the record for correctly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541116 -        understanding cause and effect, while reliance on remembering                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541117 -        the gist of the story seems fast and easy. ref SDS 66 767G                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541119 -         ..
541120 -        [On 011102 case study traditional information management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541121 -        using diary and journal methods write understandings of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541122 -        daily work, e.g., captain's ship log, airplane flight test                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541123 -        reports, project manager daily diary, scientific method                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541124 -        contemporaneous record reporting on experiments, surveyor's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541125 -        journal. ref SDS 68 TO5J                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541127 -         ..
541128 -        [On 020504 Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) similarly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541129 -        require "documentation" to show the work is aligned with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541130 -        objectives, requirements and commitments. ref SDS 71 IY4I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541131 -        Growing evidence shows agencies have difficulty performing this                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541132 -        requirement. ref SDS 71 NS6F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541134 -         ..
541135 -        [On 021118 reality monitoring innate mental metrics trace                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541136 -        understadings to original sources that verify accuracy of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541137 -        perceptions. ref SDS 72 QS8H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541139 -         ..
541140 -        [On 031230 taxes and disposable income both rise when                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541141 -        regulations are enforced by audits for compliance with good                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541142 -        management practices requiring an audit trail using                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541143 -        traceability to original sources that enables continual                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541144 -        learning. ref SDS 75 UZ5P                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541146 -         ..
541147 -        [On 040203 executives and managers avoid planning and analysis                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541148 -        to reduce paperwork in the black hole of bureaucracy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541149 -        ref SDS 76 8Y5I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541151 -         ..
541152 -        [On 041012 disorder in medical records causes mistakes, because                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541153 -        people do not comply with requirements for traceability to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541154 -        original sources. ref SDS 79 UW5H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541156 -         ..
541157 -        [On 041018 Doctor Benz requested documentation for traceability                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541158 -        to original sources at Kaiser to authenticate conversation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541159 -        during 2nd opinion consultation at UCSF Cancer Center to verify                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541160 -        accuracy of test report on CA 15-3 cancer marker. ref SDS 80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541161 -        L14N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541163 -         ..
541164 -        [On 050722 example common scenarios comedy of errors on big DOD                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541165 -        project getting fouled up; management degrades to entropy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541166 -        because nobody has command and control of the record.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541167 -        ref SDS 82 PK6Y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541169 -  ..
541170 - Laws, regulations and contract provisions specify good management that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541171 - is essential for success, because people are reluctant to perform good                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541172 - management in the absence of express direction. see POIMS. ref OF 7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541173 - DH7L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541174 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541175 -        [On 951026 organizations certified compliant with ISO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541176 -        requirements are unable to comply with requirements for good                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541177 -        management. ref SDS 38 3245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541179 -         ..
541180 -        [On 020504 FAR part 4.801 governing management of federal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541181 -        procurement requires documentation showing alignment of daily                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541182 -        work with requirements, ref SDS 71 XV7L, but government and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541183 -        contractors fail to follow the regulations. ref SDS 71 NS6F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541185 -         ..
541186 -        [On 021126 CaseMap 4 is a case management software program used                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541187 -        by lawyers to track chronology, link PDF files and schedule                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541188 -        tasks to prepare for trial. ref SDS 73 PQUP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541190 -  ..
541191 - Advantages of traceability....                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541192 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541193 -      1.  Augments innate intelligence process of reality monitoring                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541194 -          verifying perceptions with cross-checks to avoid mistakes,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541195 -          reported on 951031. ref SDS 39 3488                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541196 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541197 -             [On 021118 research in cognitive science indicates that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541198 -             reality monitoring applies traceability to original                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541199 -             sources to verify accuracy of perceptions. ref SDS 72 QS8H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541201 -           ..
541202 -      2.  Empowering people to remember complex correlations of cause                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541203 -          and effect learned from hard won experience, but which would                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541204 -          otherwise be forgotten and obscurred by the forest of details                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541205 -          people encounter moment-to-moment in daily life.  Like Hansel                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541206 -          and Gretel, marking their trail home (see explanation on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541207 -          950822, ref SDS 33 6E6G), traceability to original sources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541208 -          enables people to recover the right path in time to take                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541209 -          effective action.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541211 -           ..
541212 -      3.  Discovering correlations, implications and nuance that are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541213 -          revealed through the process of formulating links to original                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541214 -          sources in a powerful collateral benefit of traceability to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541215 -          original sources.  Expanding span of attention expands                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541216 -          opportunity and prevents mistakes from otherwise overlooking                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541217 -          connections of cause and effect.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541219 -  ..
541220 - These benefits of traceability support POIMS requirement for thinking                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541221 - through writing that lift the capacity to think, remember, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541222 - communicate. ref OF 7 3742                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541224 -  ..
541225 - These advantages are evident in the practice of law, as explained in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541226 - NWO. ref OF 10 163M, following the tradition of religion. ref OF 10 29G5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541228 -        ..
541229 -       [On 970829 management text calls "accountability" essence of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541230 -       effective management. ref SDS 49 0001                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541232 -        ..
541233 -       [On 971125 audit trail for traceability to original sources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541234 -       improved in SDS by automatically linking headlines when a new                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541235 -       record is created. ref SDS 51 R65V                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541237 -        ..
541238 -       [On 020204 Enron collapse into bankruptcy revealed bad                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541239 -       management that failed to provide audit trail showing daily work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541240 -       aligned with requirements and commitments. ref SDS 69 EX5O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541242 -  ..
541243 - The ISO standard calls for mechanisms to show original source support                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541244 - for decisions and actions, for example see section...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541245 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541246 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541247 -                  6.6.2.1 ref OF 1 9933                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541248 -                  6.3.2.1 ref OF 1 9940 and ref OF 1 8487                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541249 -                  6.3.2.3 ref OF 1 9946                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541250 -                  6.4.2.1 ref OF 1 8479                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541251 -                  6.4.2.2 ref OF 1 9570                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541252 -                  6.5.2.2 ref OF 1 7893                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541254 -         ..
541255 -        [On 020504 ISO requirements reflect FAR part 4.801 governing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541256 -        management of federal procurement. ref SDS 71 XV7L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541258 -  ..
541259 - PMBOK requires accuracy of communication by using a process of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541260 - verification with "feedback loops." ref SDS 0 1940                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541261 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541263 -      ..
541264 -     Command & Control of the Record                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541265 -     
541266 -     Implicit in the notion of "traceability" is that management will                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541267 -     rely on the record, like Hansel and Gretel used the path they                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541268 -     created to find their way home, which is a key element of POIMS,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541269 -     ref OF 7 1298 and ref OF 7 8555, and Communication Metrics,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541270 -     ref SDS 23 0023 and ref SDS 23 4177. ISO standards should make                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541271 -     reliance on the record an explicit duty essential to achieve the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541272 -     quality aims of the standard, since that in fact is the only hope                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541273 -     for achieving those aims for the reasons developed in reviewing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541274 -     the Van Kaspar paper on the Information Revolution on 931008.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541275 -     ref SDS 11 4757                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541276 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541277 -        [On 950927 Intel to explain at PMI's 1996 Asilomar Conference                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541278 -        technology can improve management by automating traceability to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541279 -        original sources. ref SDS 35 2541]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541281 -         ..
541282 -        [On 950812 applied this in NWO paper at ref SDS 32 0112.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541284 -         ..
541285 -        [On 951221 IT engineering standards require contemporaneous                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541286 -        documentation of work, communication, testing, problems and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541287 -        solutions. ref SDS 41 0966]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541289 -         ..
541290 -        [On 960205 traceability improves meetings by keeping records of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541291 -        performance on action items. ref SDS 42 1640]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541293 -         ..
541294 -        [On 970526 "root cause analysis" is another way of describing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541295 -        traceability to original sources. ref SDS 47 2168]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541297 -         ..
541298 -        [On 980307 Andy Grove with Intel recommends copious notes to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541299 -        remove ambiguity of mental maps. ref SDS 55 3668                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541301 -         ..
541302 -        [On 990314 idea offered to use SDS for a standards Draft                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541303 -        Submission to ISO and other agencies. ref SDS 58 4500]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541305 -         ..
541306 -        [On 990525 Morris says engineers don't like to write and IT                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541307 -        managers don't allocate enough time. ref SDS 60 0966]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541309 -         ..
541310 -        [On 991001 space craft crashed on Mars, costing $125M due to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541311 -        deviation between communication and requirements. ref SDS 63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541312 -        3192]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541313 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541315 -      ..
541316 -     Traceability and Continual Learning are Complementary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541317 -     
541318 -     ISO 10006 section 6.9.2 calling for "Communication Control"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541319 -     (discussed below, ref SDS 0 8493) exemplifies how command and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541320 -     control through continual traceability, ref SDS 0 1740, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541321 -     Continual Learning, ref SDS 0 2846, are complementary processes,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541322 -     reflecting the way the human mind uses intelligence characterized                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541323 -     as an "experience machine," in cognitive science, reviewed on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541324 -     900303. ref SDS 5 3002                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541325 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541326 -         [On 951026 Communication supports both traceability to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541327 -         original sources and continual learning. ref SDS 38 7773]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541329 -          ..
541330 -         [On 951026 organizations unable to implement traceability to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541331 -         original sources, indicating need for "faster, better,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541332 -         cheaper" way to rely on the record, ref SDS 38 3245, rather                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541333 -         than guess and gossip.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541335 -          ..
541336 -         [On 990625 doctors do not have time to perform required                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541337 -         procedures to capture the record. ref SDS 62 1978                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541339 -          ..
541340 -         [On 951216 example of Continual Learning and Traceability, see                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541341 -         ref SDS 40 0050.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541343 -          ..
541344 -         [On 011102 organizational learning developed by Senge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541345 -         antecedent to Knowledge Management based on studies of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541346 -         building aircraft during WWII, and later an article published                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541347 -         in 1962 that won a Nobel Prize on improving productivity                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541348 -         through learning and experience. ref SDS 67 M25K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541349 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541351 -      ..
541352 -     Risk Management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541353 -     Miscommunication & Communication Metrics                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541354 -     
541355 -     ISO requirements to identify causes of variances in schedule,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541356 -     ref OF 1 SD4L, and in budget, ref OF 1 CG4L, do not offer guidance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541357 -     on how to identify miscommunication, which is the cause of most                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541358 -     errors in human communities, as explained in POIMS, ref OF 7 V8P1,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541359 -     including projects. The call for traceability to original sources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541360 -     is the only process that avoids communication errors in order to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541361 -     reduce negative variances in budgets and schedules. ref SDS 0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541362 -     1740,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541364 -      ..
541365 -     Communication Metrics provides automated processes to accomplish                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541366 -     risk management, see 950327, ref SDS 23 4828, and which greatly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541367 -     improve schedule and cost control for the reasons in the NWO paper                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541368 -     at ref OF 10 09D5 and ref OF 10 8577                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541369 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541370 -          [On 951026 discussed this idea. ref SDS 38 5321.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541371 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541373 -      ..
541374 -     ISO Errs Equating Communication with Organizational Structure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541375 -     
541376 -     ISO 10006 6.8.2.1 relates effective communication with the design                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541377 -     of organizational structure, ref OF 1 line 1291, rather than with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541378 -     empowering people to convert information into knowledge by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541379 -     investing intellectual capital.  "Better communication" means                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541380 -     lifting the capacity to think, remember and communicate by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541381 -     capturing the record, testing for consistency with the record,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541382 -     testing for common understanding by distribution of the record and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541383 -     automating the management cycle to ensure timely follow up for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541384 -     maintaining shared meaning. see POIMS, ref OF 7 3742,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541385 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541387 -      ..
541388 -     Example of Linking                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541389 -     
541390 -     ISO 10006 6.3.2.1 advocates that a quality system be prepared as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541391 -     part of the project plan, and linked to a quality manual of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541392 -     project originating organization, ref OF 1 line 616.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541394 -          ..
541395 -         This is the correct application of "linking" that should be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541396 -         advocated as a general principle throughout the standard, but                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541397 -         which is impossible to carry out without automated integration                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541398 -         inherent in POIMS technology.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541400 -          ..
541401 -         The ISO standard needs an example of a "quality plan" and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541402 -         "quality system."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541403 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541405 -  ..
541406 - Communication                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541407 - 
541408 - Both the PMBOK and ISO standards talk about "communication" throughout                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541409 - most sections, but neither offers guidance for the project manager on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541410 - how to ensure effective communications. This may reflect the fact that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541411 - communications is a generic management subject, excluded by the PMBOK.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541412 - ref OF 3 X54M and ref OF 3 N67O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541414 -  ..
541415 - Failure to offer guidance aligns with Drucker's comment that people                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541416 - have given up trying to improve communication, because it is too                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541417 - difficult. ref SDS 13 3851                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541418 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541420 -  ..
541421 - PMBOK discusses communication at:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541423 -      ..
541424 -     Communication Planning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541425 -     
541426 -     ...10.1 determine information and communication needs, reflects                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541427 -     SDS support to prepare for meetings based on history of prior                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541428 -     events, commitments and action items. ref OF 4 1111.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541429 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541431 -      ..
541432 -     Feedback Loops                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541433 -     
541434 -     ...2.4.2 this section says communication entails "sender-receiver                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541435 -     models, ref OF 3 QSRU, feedback loops, ref OF 3 GF8O, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541436 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541437 -     Section 10 in the PMBOK says communiation requires critical links                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541438 -     among people, ideas and information that are necessary for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541439 -     success. ref OF 4 B5W3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541441 -           ..
541442 -          [See "Feedback" below under ISO. ref SDS 0 1593                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541443 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541445 -      ..
541446 -     Project Language, Understanding Require Alignment                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541447 -     
541448 -     Section 10 further says "Everyone involved in the project must be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541449 -     prepared to send and receive communications in the project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541450 -     "language" and must understand how the communications they are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541451 -     involved in as individuals affect the project as a whole.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541452 -     ref OF 4 B5W3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541454 -           ..
541455 -          This requirement is inadequate.  It should state that project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541456 -          language comes from contracts, customer objectives and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541457 -          requirements, codes, statutes, regulations, policies and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541458 -          professional standards that conduct of the work.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541460 -           ..
541461 -          PMBOK language fails to state the work practices of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541462 -          alignment, audit trail and traceability to original sources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541463 -          that bring "understanding," which is specified in ISO, though                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541464 -          without explaining this enables intelligence. ref SDS 0 1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541466 -      ..
541467 -     ...9.3.1.4 Progress reports. Progress reports provide feedback to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541468 -     the project team about performance against the project plan, ref                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541469 -     OF 4 line 2616.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541471 -      ..
541472 -     ...9.3.1.5 External feedback. The project team must periodically                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541473 -     measure itself against the performance expectations of those                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541474 -     outside the project, ref OF 4 line 2622.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541476 -      ..
541477 -     ...9.3.2.5 Training, feedback from team members is cited as a way                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541478 -     to accomplish training from team development.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541480 -           ..
541481 -          Why not have feedback on all communications, as specified in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541482 -          section 2.4.2?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541483 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541485 -      ..
541486 -     Leadership - Key Role of Communication to Align                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541487 -     
541488 -     ...2.4.1 leadership to align people. ref OF 3 9002                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541490 -      ..
541491 -     Aligning people through communication is a duty of leadership.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541493 -      ..
541494 -     NWO applies this duty to propose concurrent discovery, ref OF 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541495 -     5L7N, for working intelligently for proactive management defined                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541496 -     in POIMS.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541497 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541498 -            [On 960620 prepared "Dialog, Documents and Human Memory"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541499 -            for PMI's Conference at Asilomar. ref SDS 46 1111.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541501 -      ..
541502 -     ...2.4.2 exchange information.., receiver is responsible for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541503 -     making sure that information is received in its entirety and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541504 -     understood correctly, ref OF 3 line 1357; repeated at 10.2.2.1,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541505 -     ref OF 4 line 3021.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541507 -      ..
541508 -     ...distinguished from "Communications Management" ref OF 3 line                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541509 -     1379 and ref OF 3 line 1410.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541511 -      ..
541512 -     ...10.0 describing "Communications Management" as providing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541513 -     critical links among people, ideas and information necessary for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541514 -     success. ref OF 4 line 2750                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541516 -          ..
541517 -         Comment and Analysis                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541518 -         
541519 -         PMBOK calls for methods to timely generate collect, store,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541520 -         disseminate and dispose of project information, ref OF 4 line                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541521 -         2761.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541523 -          ..
541524 -         This does not seem to meet the ISO standard to use project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541525 -         information for "learning," i.e., recycling intellectual                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541526 -         capital, ref OF 7 6649, nor does it offer guidance on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541527 -         converting information into knowledge, using traceability                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541528 -         called out in ISO. ref SDS 0 1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541530 -      ..
541531 -     PMBOK mainly carries out this objective by devising forms, reports                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541532 -     and organizational structures that link information according to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541533 -     hierarchy rather than to knowledge.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541534 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541536 -  ..
541537 - ISO 10006 discusses communications at:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541538 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541539 -     ...6.9 aim is to facilitate the exchange of information necessary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541540 -     for the project, ref OF 1 B4W1 and ref OF 1 B5W3 calling for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541541 -     communication planning.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541542 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541544 -         ..
541545 -        Identical Language to PMBOK                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541546 -        
541547 -        The language at this part is nearly identical to PMBOK,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541548 -        ref OF 4 B5W3, indicating strong collaboration, or else                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541549 -        reliance on the same source.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541551 -         ..
541552 -        ISO's failure at this point to cite traceability and continual                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541553 -        learning as fundamental to effective communications, indicates                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541554 -        these sections may have been prepared by different people                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541555 -        without the input of strong editing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541556 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541558 -      ..
541559 -     Meeting Support                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541560 -     
541561 -     ...6.9.1 calls for meeting management methods, ref OF 1 V8F8 and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541562 -     specifically in section 6.9.2 ref OF 1 V8F9, which is similar to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541563 -     language in the PMBOK para 10. ref OF 4 1111  However, there is no                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541564 -     guidance on what these methods should be in order to make meetings                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541565 -     productive, as called for by Eric Jennett in his PM Network                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541566 -     article reviewed on 940114. ref SDS 16 2290                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541567 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541568 -        This ISO criteria shows the need for Communication Metrics, ref                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541569 -        SDS 13 line 202.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541570 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541572 -      ..
541573 -     Feedback Essential to Communications                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541574 -     Communication Control - Accuracy & Understanding                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541575 -     
541576 -     ...5.2 Principle 1: Customer satisfaction requires communication                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541577 -     of needs, translation into requirements and alignment of work with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541578 -     requirements.  Communication requires feedback throughout the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541579 -     duration of the project. ref OF 1 H481                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541581 -      ..
541582 -     Feedback requirements are further called out under section 6.3.2.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541583 -     explaining project Closure, ref OF 1 HS7O, and again in section                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541584 -     7.2 on Learning from the Project. ref OF 1 IWYP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541585 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541586 -          [See "Feedback" above under PMBOK. ref SDS 0 1940]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541588 -         ..
541589 -        Why is feedback for communication control important for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541590 -        customer and not for everyone else?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541592 -         ..
541593 -        Feedback is a critical component of "follow up" that is part of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541594 -        Communication Metrics for measuring accuracy of understanding,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541595 -        essential for avoiding mistakes, defined on 950327, ref SDS 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
541596 -        7777, and discussed a month earlier on 950204 explaining the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541597 -        traditional practice of alignment and weight assigned to test                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541598 -        verbal communication. ref SDS 22 8A4G  Cal Tech seminar book on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541599 -        project management cites feedback as critical, reported on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541600 -        940111. ref SDS 15 4400  An article in PMJ makes the same point                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541601 -        that feedback is critical. ref SDS 17 1L47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541603 -         ..
541604 -        Why then is there no quality "process" for overcoming                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541605 -        resistance to feedback?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541606 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541607 -          [On 970829 book on See management published in 1978 says                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541608 -          feedback essential for accurate communication. ref SDS 49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541609 -          4373                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
541611 -           ..
541612 -          [On 971229 management training film used airplane pilot to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541613 -          show importance of feedback. ref SDS 53 2914, including                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541614 -          analysis of forces that impede feedback.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541616 -           ..
541617 -          [On 020217 DOD program manager explains need for precision                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
541618 -          access to solve problem of people pointing fingers in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541619 -          accusation and blame, because they cannot point to an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541620 -          accurate record. ref SDS 70 9360                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541622 -      ..
541623 -     ...6.3.1 Interlinking processes, seems to be about coordinating                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541624 -     the various processes of managing the project, one of the elements                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541625 -     is obtaining closure which requires feedback, ref OF 1 line 574.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541627 -      ..
541628 -     ...6.3.2.1 Project plan development requires obtaining feedback                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541629 -     from projects that are the most similar among those already                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541630 -     undertaken by the originating organization, ref OF 1 line 652.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541632 -         ..
541633 -        Why doesn't this same process work for meetings, telephone                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541634 -        calls, and writing letters, which are smaller projects?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541636 -      ..
541637 -     ...6.9.2 calls for "Communication Control" to avoid conflicts or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541638 -     misunderstanding, ref OF 1 B4W8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541639 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541640 -        This section supports the need for Communication Metrics, as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541641 -        used at PG&E.  It is unclear why ISO fails to cite the critical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541642 -        role of feedback for communication control, as it does for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
541643 -        customer satisfaction.  Similarly, traceability and continual                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541644 -        learning are effective aspects of communication control, since                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541645 -        they are complimentary practices. SDS integration leverages                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541646 -        traceability to enhance the value of the Diary as a source of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541647 -        "Case Studies" for Continual Learning and discovery, ref SDS 38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541648 -        3384, also meeting with SCU at ref SDS 37 line 559.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541649 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541650 -            [See paper on the "law" for Asilomar at ref SDS 46 line                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541651 -            128.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541653 -      ..
541654 -     ...7  Learning from the Project, requires informaion and feedback                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541655 -     mechanisms, to improve the project processes for both current and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541656 -     future projects, ref OF 1 line 1774.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541657 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541659 -      ..
541660 -     Teamwork Requires Effective Communication                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541661 -     
541662 -     ISO 10006 6.8.2.3 says effective working in a team requires such                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541663 -     skills as communicating. ref OF 1 A19L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
541664 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541665 -     ...clear and open communication and mutual commitment to customer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541666 -     satisfaction should be encouraged. ref OF 1 B4W1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541668 -          ..
541669 -         What does this mean?  Talking people into doing things,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541670 -         motivation, persuasion, listening?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541672 -          ..
541673 -         Communication is more powerful and complex than mere                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541674 -         persuasion.  What about metrics for clear, concise, complete                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541675 -         communication from discovering misunderstandings, deviations                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541676 -         from other sources, maintaining shared meaning, correlation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541677 -         between actions and commitments, reviewed on 090327?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541678 -         ref SDS 23 EK5J   Why not link this section to requirements                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541679 -         for traceability to original sources called out above?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541680 -         ref SDS 0 1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541681 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541682 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541684 -  ..
541685 - References - Context Relative to Management Knowledge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541686 - 
541687 - ISO 10006 supplements and applies the larger body of ISO standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541688 - that define "quality" (see Annex A, ref OF 1 line 1831).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541690 -  ..
541691 - PMBOK draws on a wider range of accepted standards (see Appendix D,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541692 - ref OF 5 line 1983, except it omits ISO -- cited only for example in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541693 - 2.5.1, ref OF 3 line 1463) that define management practices.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541695 -      ..
541696 -     PMBOK Appendix D could be stronger.  Many chapters have no                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
541697 -     references, ref OF 5 line 2042.  References to a dictionary, are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
541698 -     not very helpful, ref OF 5 line 2037.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541699 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541701 -  ..
541702 - Inadequate English, Grammar                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
541703 - 
541704 - Possible impacts of improvements or corrective actions on the budget                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
541705 - and resources of the project and on the quality of the product when                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
541706 - these are determined, ref OF 1 line 1021.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541708 -  ..
541709 - Effective working in a team requires such skills as communicating,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
541710 - ref OF 1 line 1346.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
541712 -  ..
541713 - The frequency and the level of format of reviews should be adapted to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
541714 - the communication complexity of the project, ref OF 1 line 1475.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
541715 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541716 -     These passages are examples that may need attention.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
541717 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541718 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541719 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541720 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541721 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541722 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541723 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541724 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541725 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541726 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541727 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541728 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541729 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541730 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
541731 -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5418 -