CONTACTS 

SUBJECTS
CFISR Knowledge Management Paper for  combat Project Conceptual Model D    04
CFISR Knowledge Management Paper for  combat Project Conceptual Model D
CFISR in ASB Proposal Knowledge Management Paper for  combat Project Co
CFISR in ASB Proposal Knowledge Management Paper for  combat Project Co
CFISR in ASB Proposal Knowledge Management Paper for  combat Project Co
CFISR in ASB Proposal Knowledge Management Paper for  combat Project Co
CFISR in ASB Proposal Knowledge Management Paper for  combat Project Co

1409 -
1409 -    ..
1410 - Summary/Objective
1411 -
141101 - Follow up ref SDS 15 0000, ref SDS 14 0000.
141102 -
141103 - Received ref DRT 1 0001 from Gary transmitting a document...
141104 -
141105 -         Conceptual Model Development for CFISR Simulations
141106 -
141107 - ...which is not dated, and was prepared by Dale Pace at Johns Hopkins
141108 - University. ref OF 1 0001
141110 -  ..
141111 - Research on the Internet...
141113 -     ..
141114 -    http://www.dodccrp.org/events/2000/5th_ICCRTS/5th_Call_Paper.htm
141115 -
141116 - ...showed the paper was delivered at a professional event....
141117 -
141118 -                     5th International Command
141119 -                     and Control Research and
141120 -                     Technology Symposium
141121 -                     24-26 October 2000
141122 -                     Australia War Memorial
141123 -                     Canberra ACT, Australia
141125 -  ..
141126 - This information provides identification for positioning the document
141127 - in Knowledge Space.
141129 -  ..
141130 - Pace provides an email address (dale.pace@jhuapl.edu) in his paper,
141131 - ref OF 1 0001, which Gary can use to follow up for requesting Dale's
141132 - comments on SDS based on POIMS and the record of use at Aerospace company.
141134 -  ..
141135 - Gary's letter today cites the following from the paper...
141136 -
141137 -        Unfortunately, caution is also required. It has also long been
141138 -        known that inserting the knowledge engineer (or other agent to
141139 -        transform information) in the role of an intermediary between
141140 -        the expert and the knowledge-based systems (or simulation
141141 -        developer) may create as many problems as it solves [Gaines,
141142 -        1987]. Many approaches have been developed to address this.
141143 -        For example, Sharp [1998] developed a process to ensure that
141144 -        the expert and the knowledge engineer or program developer have
141145 -        the same understanding of the information being acquired and
141146 -        transferred to a knowledge-based system or to some other form
141147 -        of expression. ref OF 1 SZ6E
141148 -
141149 - ...and does not discuss this language, nor explain significance to
141150 - SDS, ref DRT 1 1N6G, and then Gary concludes...
141151 -
141152 -       Some interesting information throughout the paper on KM and
141153 -       Knowledge Engineering. Some of the references may turn out to be
141154 -       useful. ref DRT 1 GO7L
141156 -  ..
141157 - Pace uses "unfortunately" about six (6) times to largely eliminate any
141158 - progress on the purpose of the paper to develop ideas on models and
141159 - simulations for CFISR.  Hopefully, other papers offer solutions to
141160 - the problems that prevent Pace from making progress.
141162 -  ..
141163 - On 040229 Gary wrote a letter asking about adverse impacts on
141164 - marketing because SDS supports the evolution of a new professional
141165 - work role to improve productivity and earnings, ref SDS 11 JB7I, as set
141166 - out in NWO. ref OF 4 6369
141168 -  ..
141169 - Review of the paper further indicates the author is concerned with the
141170 - design and operations of conceptual models and simulation systems for
141171 - constructing CFISR capabilities, ref OF 1 SZ3E, which are largely
141172 - battlefield orientated, shown by the letter on 040630 discussing
141173 - situation awareness, ref SDS 12 Z656, and further on the subject of
141174 - "fusion," which relates to SDS support for an "intelligence" process.
141175 - ref SDS 12 NH9I
141177 -  ..
141178 - A couple of points come to mind in assessing applicability of the
141179 - paper to SDS, and the particular language Gary mentions in his letter
141180 - today...
141181 -
141182 -    1.  Pace's research on difficulty using an intermediary expert for
141183 -        knowledge-based systems was developed in 1987 prior to
141184 -        availability of SDS. ref SDS 0 6L81  SDS is a unique tool,
141185 -        noted by Doug Engelbart in a letter to Terry Winograd on
141186 -        011210, ref SDS 5 JL5I, beyond the scope of Pace's research.
141187 -        USACE reported that an intermediary expert using SDS provides
141188 -        effective support for intelligence that improves performance of
141189 -        others, ref DRP 4 6172, and saves time and money at the rate of
141190 -        10:1. ref DRP 5 0001
141192 -         ..
141193 -    2.  "Intermediary expert," "knowledge engineeer" or other form of
141194 -        analysis agent to transform information into useful "knowledge"
141195 -        is always positioned in the context of tools and training.  On
141196 -        010924 Morris Jones at Intel reported that nobody uses
141197 -        technology the way SDS is used for "intelligence support" to
141198 -        capture daily working information with chronology, context, and
141199 -        connections. ref SDS 4 XT5F  Eight (8) steps of Communication
141200 -        Metrics triangulate accuracy and expand span of attention,
141201 -        explained in POIMS, ref OF 12 685K, beyond the reach of other
141202 -        tools or methods, reported by Murray Altheim in a letter on
141203 -        020820, ref SDS 7 O1QQ; this helps resolve difficulties
141204 -        encountered in efforts pre-1989, reviewed in research submitted
141205 -        today, per above. ref SDS 0 6L81
141207 -         ..
141208 -    3.  An intermediary expert for developing M&S technology, discussed
141209 -        in Pace's paper, is nothing like Gary's work using SDS to add
141210 -        intelligence for improving productivity of expert engineers on
141211 -        the job, shown by the record in the annual review on 040102.
141212 -        ref SDS 9 UO6T
141214 -         ..
141215 -    4.  There are no use cases presented in Pace's paper, and so the
141216 -        basis for comparison with SDS is not established in relation to
141217 -        a wide range of common use cases for SDS listed in the record
141218 -        on 020708. ref SDS 6 MZ6O  Neither does Pace offer any
141219 -        hypothetical scenarios to show the context of difficulties
141220 -        others have experienced.  The SDS Typical Day Scenario (TDS)
141221 -        illustrate a number of practical daily uses of SDS. ref OF 15
141222 -        04EG  Pace's research on difficulties people experienced using
141223 -        "intermediary experts," therefore, has no evident correlation
141224 -        with the role of an analyst using SDS to develop timely, useful
141225 -        intelligence for saving lives, time and money.  Work product
141226 -        from SDS is not available by any other means, and is seen as
141227 -        "amazing memory," reported on 010916. ref SDS 3 0001  The
141228 -        marketing opportunity is empowering people to discover the
141229 -        value of better memory, and to develop useful "intelligence,"
141230 -        as Gary is doing at Aerospace company, shown by the record on 040203.
141231 -        ref SDS 10 NB6G  Gary's current effort to spread the news about
141232 -        the power of "intelligence" on the job, by distributing SDS
141233 -        records on the project interanet, provides a direct path for
141234 -        expanding awareness that grows demand for a new way of working.
141236 -         ..
141237 -    5.  Analysts are well established intermediary professional roles
141238 -        in finance, intelligence, etc., which can be strengthened using
141239 -        SDS, as set out in POIMS. ref OF 9 1X6G  Facilitators,
141240 -        accountants, doctors, lawyers, mechanics, and managers of every
141241 -        stripe provide intermediary support with specialized skills
141242 -        that add value to daily work, including, in many cases, for
141243 -        subject matter experts (SMEs).  As well, highly skilled
141244 -        intermediaries commonly operate specialized equipment that
141245 -        leverage economic benefits, e.g., a pilot for an airplane; an
141246 -        operator for a backhoe.
141248 -  ..
141249 - New work roles evolve continually in a dynamic economy that creates
141250 - new tools and changing conditions, noted by Grove, reviewed on 980307.
141251 - ref SDS 2 1209  The period of transformation often seems like "walking
141252 - through the valley of death," to the people leading way, and so
141253 - requires vision, courage and persistance, "waiting for the water to
141254 - boil," noted in analysis of Gary's inquiry about the SDS user role in
141255 - a letter on 040229. ref SDS 11 JB63  The rate of evolution depends on
141256 - the rate of exposure to the opportunity for saving lives, time and
141257 - money.  That is why we are working to put SDS records on the Aerospace company
141258 - intranet, because it increases the opportunity for exposure by several
141259 - orders of magnitude.
141261 -  ..
141262 - The paper in para 3.2.3 Representational Abstraction illustrates the
141263 - complexity of developing effective models and simulation software for
141264 - battlefield operations. ref OF 1 1W5G  The basic issue is the level of
141265 - detail to be modeled.  Like SDS organic subject structure, complexity
141266 - quickly compounds below a few levels of detail. ref OF 1 S236  The
141267 - paper is pessamistic about progress on developing effective models and
141268 - simulations for CFISR. ref OF 1 TQ59  SDS has proven effective for
141269 - using organic structures to leverage human memory, as explained in
141270 - POIMS, ref OF 12 KH8J, and reported on 010916. ref SDS 3 0001  On
141271 - 900319 research suggests that better memory augments human reasoning,
141272 - which is another term people use for "intelligence." ref SDS 1 1323
141274 -  ..
141275 - Pace states in his paper....
141276 -
141277 -    Knowledge engineering provides abstraction principles that can be
141278 -    helpful in developing a simulation conceptual model. ref OF 1 S248
141280 -  ..
141281 - Pace does not offer examples showing "helpfulness" of knowledge
141282 - engineering, and in winds up saying this is a lot of hard work that
141283 - has not yet yielded results. ref SDS 0 HL55
141285 -  ..
141286 - Pace continues...
141287 -
141288 -    Theoretical approaches to knowledge engineering typically break it
141289 -    into three phases: knowledge acquisition, knowledge elicitation,
141290 -    and knowledge representation. Such theoretical approaches usually
141291 -    identify three knowledge structures: declarative knowledge (why
141292 -    things work the way they do), procedural knowledge (how to perform
141293 -    a task), and strategic knowledge (the basis for problem solving).
141294 -    Typically different acquisition, elicitation, and representation
141295 -    techniques are used for each kind of knowledge. ref OF 1 V55I
141297 -  ..
141298 - Where does Pace define "knowledge" that is distinct from information?
141300 -  ..
141301 - The introduction mentions the general notion of transforming data into
141302 - knowledge and information, but does not set out how this occurs.
141303 - ref OF 1 FR80  Many sources are cited, and "knowledge engineering" is
141304 - shown in the paper, but there is no summary of what the sources say by
141305 - way of distinguishing information from knowledge, and Pace does not
141306 - offer a clue how knowledge engineering differs from information
141307 - engineering or information management. ref OF 1 YQ5O
141309 -  ..
141310 - Pace continues...
141311 -
141312 -    Unfortunately, although there are substantial efforts to establish
141313 -    common approaches [Schreiber et al., 2000] these theoretical
141314 -    approaches do not yet allow abstraction to be performed as a
141315 -    scientific method; thus, it remains an art. Even a casual review of
141316 -    articles in Journal of Data and Knowledge Engineering
141318 -        ..
141319 -       http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/6/0/8/
141320 -
141321 -    ... and similar publications reveals that contemporary researchers
141322 -    in this arena often have to develop a "new" descriptive language
141323 -    (or dialect of a language) or formalism for the problem at hand
141324 -    because current techniques do not yet have broad, general
141325 -    application capabilities. ref OF 1 P66I
141327 -  ..
141328 - Submitted ref DIT 1 0001 responding to Gary's letter, per above,
141329 - ref SDS 0 0001, with a link to this record.
141331 -  ..
141332 - Ask Gary about progress reviewing the new outline in the record on
141333 - 040720, ref SDS 13 IH3I, following up the letter on 040802. ref SDS 15
141334 - ZS5R  His time is backed up so he may not be able to comment.
141335 - ref DIT 1 7A7G
141337 -             ..
141338 -            [On 040806 Gary provided peer review. ref SDS 16 8W5W
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